Chapter 8 Flashcards
(13 cards)
Chi-Squared Test
a statistical test for a relationship between 2 categorical variables (tabular analysis)
Correlation Coefficient
a measure of linear association between 2 continuous variables
covariance
an unstandardized statistical measure summarizing the general pattern of association (or lack thereof) between 2 continuous variables (correlation coefficient)
critical value
a predetermined standard for a statistical test such that if our value>crit, there is a relationship between x and y, and if value<crit, we cannot make such a conclusion
degrees of freedom
the number of pieces of information we have beyond the minimum that we would need to make a particular statistical inference
difference of means test
a method of bivariate hypothesis testing that is appropriate for a categorical independent variable and a continuous dependent variable
pearsons r
the most commonly employed correlation coefficient
p-value
the probability that the numbers we have found are purely due to random chance (0-1)
statistically significant
a conclusion based on the observed data, that the relationship between the 2 variables is not due to random chance, and therefore exists in the broader population
tabular analysis
a type of bivariate analysis that is appropriate for 2 categorical variables
bivariate hypothesis testing
rarely used today since it can only help with hurdle 3 but tells us if x and y are related
What are the limitations of p-values
non-reversible (p=.001 does not mean a .999 chance)
Doesn’t tell us if the relationship is causal
doesnt directly reflect the quality of the measurement procedure
must be using a random sample
what is the correct way to picture each type of test
tabular analysis=table
difference of means=box-whisker plots
correlation coefficient= kernal density plot and histograms
