Chapter 7 📊

Question 1

Which of the following are non ionising radiation?
Beta 
Ultrasound 
Infrared 
Light
Gamma rays 
X-rays

Answer 1

Light
Ultrasound
Infrared

Question 2

What is someone who works with x rays called?

Answer 2

Radiographer

Question 3

What radiation is used in an endoscope?

Answer 3

Light

Question 4

How does light travel through an endoscope?

Answer 4

Total internal reflection

Question 5

What radiation do CAT scans use?

Answer 5

Xrays

Question 6

Ionising radiation is used to…

Answer 6

Treat cancer

Question 7

Uses of ultrasound

Answer 7

Scan babies
Detect lumps
Break up kidney stones

Question 8

What is released when fission takes place?

Answer 8

2 or 3 neutrons and energy

Question 9

What radiation is produced when nuclear fission takes place?

Answer 9

Gamma radiation

Question 10

What are the two smaller nuclei formed when fission occurs called?

Answer 10

Fission fragments

Question 11

What are the most common substances used in fission reactors?

Answer 11

Uranium-235 and plutonium-239

Question 12

What is gamma radiation?

Answer 12

High energy electromagnetic radiation

Question 13

What is the charge of gamma radiation?

Answer 13

0

Question 14

Mass of gamma radiation

Answer 14

0

Question 15

Ionising power of gamma radiation

Answer 15

Very weakly ionising

Question 16

What does it take to stop gamma rays?

Answer 16

A few centimetres of lead or several metres of concrete

Question 17

What is a beta particle?

Answer 17

A high energy electron

Question 18

Charge of beta particle

Answer 18

-1

Question 19

Mass of a beta particle

Answer 19

Very small (1/1860)

Question 20

Ionising power of beta particle?

Answer 20

Weakly ionising

Question 21

How to stop beta radiation?

Answer 21

Few mm of aluminium

Question 22

What is an alpha particle?

Answer 22

2 neutrons and 2 protons

Question 23

Charge of alpha particle?

Answer 23

+2

Question 24

Mass of an alpha particle?

Answer 24

4

Question 25

Ionising power of alpha particle?

Answer 25

Strongly ionising

Question 26

How to stop alpha radiation?

Answer 26

Few cm of air

Question 27

Why do substances emit radiation?

Answer 27

The unstable nuclei become stable by doing so

Question 28

What did Ernest Rutherford discover?

Answer 28

Alpha and beta radiation is made from different types of particles

Question 29

What is the atomic number?

Answer 29

Number of protons or electrons

Question 30

What is the mass number?

Answer 30

Mass of nucleus

Question 31

Mass of a proton

Answer 31

1

Question 32

Mass of a neutron

Answer 32

1

Question 33

Mass of an electron

Answer 33

Very small (1/2000)

Question 34

What is an alpha particle the same as?

Answer 34

A helium nucleus

Question 35

What happens when a nucleus emits alpha particle?

Answer 35

Atomic number -2 | Mass number -4

Question 36

What happens when a nucleus emits a beta particle?

Answer 36

Atomic number +1 | Mass number unchanged

Question 37

What is ionisation?

Answer 37

When an atom loses electrons because it has been exposed to radiation

Question 38

What is the activity of a radioactive source?

Answer 38

The number of unstable atoms in that source per second

Question 39

What is the half life?

Answer 39

The time taken for the number of atoms to halve

Question 40

Which type of radiation is used to destroy cancer cells?

Answer 40

Gamma

Question 41

Which radiation is used in smoke alarms?

Answer 41

Alpha

Question 42

Which radiation is used to measure thickness of foil?

Answer 42

Beta

Question 43

What happens in fission?

Answer 43

The nucleus of a substance is struck by a neutron, causing the nucleus to halve and release neutrons

Question 44

Example of a chain reaction

Answer 44

Nuclear fission

Question 45

What is used in fission reactors?

Answer 45

Plutonium-239 and uranium-235

Question 46

Why is there water in a reactor?

Answer 46

So the neutrons collide with the water atoms and slow down

Question 47

What do control rods do?

Answer 47

Absorb neutrons to keep chain reaction under control

Question 48

What is nuclear fusion?

Answer 48

When two smaller nuclei form one larger one

Question 49

What is radon gas?

Answer 49

An isotope that emits alpha particles

Question 50

Why is nuclear waste a problem?

Answer 50

Stays in environment for long time

Question 51

What did Ernest Rutherford discover?

Answer 51

The nucleus

Question 52

What makes a substance radioactive

Answer 52

An unstable nucleus

Question 53

What is important to remember about radioactive decay

Answer 53

It is random and unpredictable

Question 54

What was the plum pudding model of the atom

Answer 54

A cloud of positive charge with negative electrons sprinkled around

Question 55

What did Rutherford use alpha particles for

Answer 55

Probe inside atoms

Question 56

What happens when a substance is irradiated

Answer 56

It has been exposed to ionising radiation

Question 57

What is radioactive contamination

Answer 57

The unwanted presence of materials containing radioactive atoms on other materials

Question 58

What is the count rate of a sample

Answer 58

The number of counts per second

Question 59

How are gamma rays used as tracers?

Answer 59

Person swallows some of the radioactive substance containing gamma rays If the kidney is clear, the count should go up and down as water flows out of the kidney If the kidney is blocked it stays high as the body can’t get rid of it

Question 60

Why is iodine used as a tracer

Answer 60

It has a short half life

Question 61

Why is gamma radiation used to treat cancer

Answer 61

It can penetrate further into the body

Question 62

Why can fusion only take place when the nuclei are moving fast

Answer 62

They must overcome the electrostatic forces of repulsion

Question 63

Why is fusion not currently being used for energy

Answer 63

It needs such high temperatures and pressures