Chapter 7 Flashcards
(49 cards)
Energy
Capacity to do work
Name the states of energy
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
Energy in motion
Kinetic energy
Stored energy
Potential energy
Name 5 forms of energy
H.E.L.M R
Heat Electric Light Mechanical Radioactivity
How is heat measured?
In kilocalories
1 calorie =
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of water by 1 degree Celsius
1 kilo calorie =
1,000 calories
1st Law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Energy can only be converted from one form to another
Concerns amount of energy in the universe
2nd Law of thermodynamics
Order is more likely than disorder
Concerns the transformation of potential energy into heat or molecular motion
Entropy is always increasing
Entropy
Disorder in the universe
Thermodynamics
Branch of chemistry that deals with energy changes, or “heat changes”
Potential energy stored in chemical bonds can be transferred from one molecule to another by way of ____________
Electrons.
Oxidation
Loss of electrons
Reduction
Gain of electrons
What is the most common electron acceptor?
Oxygen
Reduced form of a molecule has a higher ______________ than the oxidized form
Level of energy
Breaks the chemical bonds that hold atoms together
Energy
Heat energy
Increases atomic motion
Makes it easier for atoms to pull apart
Free energy
Energy available to do work or break and form other chemical bonds
Denoted as the symbol G (Gibbs free energy)
Enthalpy
Energy contained in a molecules chemical bonds
G = H - (TS)
What does each letter represent?
G = Free energy
H = Enthalpy
T= temperature
S= entropy
What creates changes in free energy: G= H-(TS) ?
Chemical reactions
A) Reduces
B) Increases
1) Chemical bonding _________ disorder.
2) Heat ________ disorder.
1) A
2) B
