Chapter 7- Bone Tissue

Question 1

skeleton req oxygen

Answer 1

true

Question 2

epiphyseal line like the dermis mean the bone is growing

Answer 2

false; epiphyseal plate means its growing

Question 3

bones contain cartilage where they articulate with another bone in a movable joint

Answer 3

true

Question 4

cartilage heals slowly because it has no vasculature

Answer 4

true

Question 5

long bones longer than wide ex limbs digits, humerus function?

Answer 5

levers for muscle action (wide range of motion)

Question 6

flat bones have broad surface found in ribs, skulls and hips function?

Answer 6

protective internal organs

Question 7

short bones same width and length (tarsals, carpals, digits, wrist bones) function

Answer 7

glide (smaller range of motion)

Question 8

irregular: everything else found in vertebra, coccyx, facial

Answer 8

miscellaneous

Question 9

endosteum lines (3) areas

Answer 9

the bone marrow cavity, lining the spongy bone and central canal

Question 10

bone is made up of

Answer 10

matrix and cells

Question 11

matrix composed of 66% ____and 33 % ___weight and 2%___

Answer 11

inorganic component (hydroxyapatite (85%) and organic component / 2% cell

Question 12

inorganic component

Answer 12

gives bones strength

Question 13

organic component

Answer 13

keeps inorganic flexible and stable

Question 14

where are progenitor cells found

Answer 14

endosteum and inner layer of periosteum and perichondrium

Question 15

what is req for collagen synthesis

Answer 15

vit c

Question 16

osteoblast has a lot of rough?

Answer 16

endoplasm’s reticulum and golgi (make and secrete protein) secrete ostercalcin

Question 17

osteocytes (25 years long live)

Answer 17

trapped but communicate via processes, processes lie in canaliculi connecting to other cells exchange nutrients waste and chemical signals through gap junction

Question 18

osteoclast secrete what?

Answer 18

vesicles with enzymes to break down organic matrix and H to solubilize minirals

Question 19

compact bone makes up

Answer 19

75% of skeleton by weight

Question 20

spongy bone (cancellous bone makes up)

Answer 20

25% of skeleton weight

Question 21

where is spongy bone food in?

Answer 21

epiphyses of long bones and sandwiched between compact bone in flat bones

Question 22

newborns in cranium have spongy bone called

Answer 22

diploe

Question 23

woven bone form first in fetal development and then what happens

Answer 23

repair and remodelled by osteoblasts and class and lamellae

Question 24

whats the diff between woven and lamellar?

Answer 24

woven :is collagen oriented randomly and lamellar: is collagen parallel in one later at an angle relative to fibres in surrounding area

Question 25

periosteum is what?

Answer 25

bilayers, outer fibrous collagen layer with osteogenic cells.

Question 26

endosteum

Answer 26

incomplete cellular later with progenitor cells osteoblast and osteoclast lines internal surfaces of bones

Question 27

blood vessel path to bone (3)

Answer 27

1.nutrient foramen. perforating coleman canals 3. central canals.

Question 28

nutrient path (2)

Answer 28

1.to osteocytes lining central canals 2. to successive osteocytes through gap junctions on the processes

Question 29

bone marrow forms

Answer 29

red blood cells thick blood wide spread in children; adults restricted to axial found in spongy bone spaces, medullary cavities in long bones and larger central canals

Question 30

yellow bone marrow forms

Answer 30

adipocytes widespread in adults

Question 31

cartilage in skeletal system mainly ?

Answer 31

hyaline (other types fibrocartilage and elastic)

Question 32

chondroblasts ?

Answer 32

flexible matrix of collagen and proteoglycans (flexible metrics enables growth and reproduction )

Question 33

what is the role of cartilage in bone development and maintenance

Answer 33

hyaline cartilage precursor of bones and bone tissue fetal models elongation of bones

Question 34

what does appositional growth mean?

Answer 34

growth of bone (bone widening and thickening)

Question 35

articular cartilage does what?

Answer 35

reduce friction and absorb shock in movable joints reduces this ( no perichondrium and no blood vessels)

Question 36

on going bone remodelling consist of what

Answer 36

wolfs law of bone (remodelling to match mechanical stress) turn over 10-20% bone replacement in a year skeletal tissue 1 year because skeletal is mineral reservoir repair micro fractures

Question 37

what controls bone changes?

Answer 37

local factors (growth factor), systemic factors (hormones), biochemical stimulation

Question 38

role of bone cells in control | what does osteocytes do?

Answer 38

orchestrate bone remodelling through regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast

Question 39

what does apoptosis do?

Answer 39

is a chemotactic signal to osteoclasts

Question 40

role of hormones in bone turn over: | calcitriol?

Answer 40

increase blood Ca+2 1.# of osteoclasts 2.increase intestine Ca2+ absorption 3 decrease kidney Ca2+ excretion

Question 41

PTH

Answer 41

increase blood Ca+2 1. #osteoclasts 2. inhibits osteoblasts collagen production 3. increase kidney reabsorption Ca2+ 4. increase calcitriol production

Question 42

calcitonin

Answer 42

decrease blood calcium 1. decrease osteoclasts activity 2. increase osteoblast activity and formation

Question 43

glucocorticoids

Answer 43

1. increases number of osteoclasts | 2. decrease number of osteoblasts

Question 44

androgen and estrogen

Answer 44

decrease number of osteoclasts

Question 45

steps to bone development (5) | intramembranous (within a membrane, clavicle, mandible)

Answer 45

1. mesenchyme cells aggregate 2. messengyme cells differentiate -osteoblasts 3. osteoblats around blood vessels secrete osteoid 4. mineralization of osteoid forms sp that fuse to larger trabeculee; also mesenchyme periosteum 5. spongy bone on outside surfaces rearranged 2 layers of compact bone

Question 46

bone formation "ossification process" in endochondral - within cartilage ex longbone (4)

Answer 46

- calcification of cartilage chondrocyte - death break down with cartilage, - and then invasion of (marrow) cavity by blood cells , - osteoblast formation, osteoid formed, ossification

Question 47

size of epiphyseal plate appear what color in X-ray?

Answer 47

clear

Question 48

wen elongation stops what do you where the epiphyseal plate use to be?

Answer 48

epiphyseal line

Question 49

stress fracture is from

Answer 49

abnormal physical stress trauma

Question 50

pathologic fracture

Answer 50

due to which bone is weakened breaks under condition normal bone will not

Question 51

healing after fracture what are the steps (4)

Answer 51

1.hematoma, 2.soft callus, 3.hard callus and then 4.bone remodelling

Question 52

osteomalacia

Answer 52

rickets in children- insufficient mineralization

Question 53

cast is put on (immobilization) until

Answer 53

hard callus forms

Question 54

lost of bone density

Answer 54

osteoporosis

Question 55

pre osteoporosis

Answer 55

ostepenia

Question 56

mineralization -when calcification occurs in other tissues which calcified mass is called calculus and the even is called

Answer 56

ectopic ossification

Question 57

osteosarcoma

Answer 57

form of bone cancer

Question 58

what type of cells act first to elongate the bone

Answer 58

chondroblasts