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AP Biology 1200 > Chapter 8- Skeletal > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

name all the cranial bones (8) s-p-o-t-f-e

A
  1. sphenoid
  2. parietal (2)
  3. occipital
  4. temporal (2)
  5. frontal
  6. ethmoid
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2
Q

name 14 facial bones

A
  1. nasal bones(2)
  2. inferior nasal concha (2)
  3. mandible (1)
  4. maxilla (2)
  5. zygomatic (2)
  6. lacrimal (2)
  7. vomer (1)
  8. palatine (2)
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3
Q

skull associated bones (7) m-i-s +h

A
  1. malleus (2)
  2. incus (2)
  3. stapes (2)
    hyoid bone
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4
Q

name vertebral column (26) in adults

A 
1-7 cervical
1-12 thoracic
1-5 lumbar
sacrum
coccyx
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5
Q

pectoral girdle (4)

A

2 clavicles, 2 scapulae

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6
Q

pelvic girdle (3)

A

2 hip bones (co oxae) and sacrum

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7
Q

how many bones in carpal (wrist)

A

16

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8
Q

how many bones in phalanges

A

28

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9
Q

what are the trapezium

A

thumb bone aka pollex two phalanges

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10
Q

what do you call the big toe

A

hallux

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11
Q

name the bones that fuse (6) s-m-o-c-f-o

A 
sacrum, (5) 
mandible, (2)
occipital, (2)
coccyx,  (3-5)
frontal (2) 
os coxae (3)
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12
Q

articulations and projections attach to what

A

bone, tendon, ligaments

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13
Q

depressions are?

A

furrows

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14
Q

articulations -head

A

rounded body expansion carried on a narrow neck

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15
Q

condyle

A

rounded knob that articulate with another bone

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16
Q

facet

A

small smooth flat area

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17
Q

ramus

A

branch arm like bar

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18
Q

extensions and projections- tubercle

A

small raised rounded projection

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19
Q

tuberosity

A

a rough elevated surface

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20
Q

protuberance

A

bony outgrowth or protruding part

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21
Q

trochanter

A

found on femur only; large blunt and elevation

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22
Q

epicondyle

A

projection on superior to a condyle ex. medial epicondyle on the femur

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23
Q

spine

A

relatively long thin projection or bump pointed slender projection

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24
Q

crest

A

long elevated wider ex iliac crest

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25
line
lightly raised, elongated ridge ex superior nuchal line
26
depressions- fossa
depression or hollow , supraspinous fossa or glenoid fossa (cavity)
27
fovea
small pit
28
sulcus
groove depression or fissure
29
suture
immovable joints
30
sinuses
air filled cavities
31
foramen magnum
occipital bone spinal cord vertebral arteries
32
jugular foramen
between temporal occipital bones
33
lacrimal foramen
tear duct leading to nasal cavity
34
madibular foramen
nerves blood vessels supporting lower teeth
35
cribriform foramina
olfactory nerves
36
fontanelles
new born soft spots where you can tell pulse and dehydration
37
auditory ossibles axial or appendicular
axial
38
hyoid bone axial or appendicular
axial
39
lower limbs axial or appendicular
appendicular
40
os coxae axial or appendicular
appendicular
41
skull axial or appendicular
axial
42
ribs axial or appendicular
axial
43
upper limbs axial or appendicular
appendicular
44
vertebral column axial or appendicular
axial
45
right and left parietal bone separated by
sagittal suture
46
frontal bone by left and right parietal bone separated by
coronal suture
47
left and right parietal bone separated by occipital bone by
lambdoid suture
48
left and right parietal bone temporal by
squamous suture
49
zygomatic process
which forms part of the cheekbone
50
mastoid part
mastoid process which can be felt behind earlobe (anchors neck muscles)
51
styloid process
provides attachment for muscles of tongue, pharynx and hyoid bone
52
petrous part
carotid canal through which blood flows via carotid artery to brain sometimes audible internal accoustic meatus
53
petrous part
carotid canal through which blood flows via carotid artery to brain sometimes audible internal accoustic meatus
54
occipital bone
where nuchal ligament attach stabilize vertabrae with skull you can feel the superior nuchal line to mastoid process
55
sphenoid bone- a butterfly
articulates with all other facial features bridges sides of skull forms posterior portion of orbits with saddle shaped sella turcica is the hypophyseal fossa where pituitary gland sits internal openings of the nasal cavity (nasal choanae) attachment for chewing muscles pterygoid process
56
what is sella turcica aka hypophyseal fossa
where the pituitary gland sits
57
ethmoid bone
contributes to orbits nasal cavity nasal septum (upper part)
58
cribriform plate is
a part of the ethmoid bone ( superior surface of ethmoid) | covered with foramina for olfactory nerves
59
crista galli
roosters comb stands up right on cribriform form plate (attaches dura mater of brain) and sits between the two olfactory bulb
60
superior and middle nasal conchae
which create air turbulence, helping to distribute inhaled air over mucous membranes which warm and humidify incoming air
61
maxillae
maxillae articulate at the intermaxillary suture tooth root is in the socket called alveolus
62
cleft lip
failure to meet at the intermaxillary suture
63
zygomatic bones
forms cheekbone via its temporal process articulating with zygomatic process of temporal bone
64
lacrimal bones
part of medial walls of orbits contain lacrimal fossa which holds the lacrimal sac which collects tears from eyes and drain into nasal cavity
65
inferor nasal concha
separate bones from other two sets of nasal concha
66
vomer
inferior half of nasal septum shaped like a plow
67
auditory ossicles
malleus, incus, stapes
68
hyoid bone
suspended from two styloid process that are part of temporal bone attachment for muscles of mandible tongue and larynx gracture suggestive strangulation
69
role of backbone
protect spinal cord support head and neck absorbs gravitational stress from normal activities attachment structure for muscles
70
cervical posterior (back) anterior front
concave
71
thoracic posterior (back) anterior front
convex
72
lumbar posterior (back) anterior front
concave
73
pelvic posterior (back) anterior front
convex
74
scoliosis
abnormal lateral deviation shoulder is slanted
75
kyphosis
hunch back exaggerated thoracic curvature
76
lordosis
swayback exaggerated lumbar curvature common in pregnancy
77
herniated disc
nucleous pulposus protrudes through annulus causing nerve compression
78
slipped disc
distorted annulus fibrosus pushed into vertebral canal
79
C1 atlas
unusual in having no body h has a large vertebral foramen has lateral masses with articular facets that articulate with the occipital condyles
80
C2 axis
projection called dens dens fuses with the axis in several years of birth dens together with atlas and a transverse ligament enables rotation of head say no
81
intevertebral disc role?
cushion protect vertebra from wear, annulus fibrosus prevents expansion of nucleus pulposus helps hold adjacent vertabrae together gelatinous nucleus pulposus plus fibrous collagen amulus fibrosus disk flatten during the day so we shrink in height by night time
82
s1-5 fuse by 2 years old
sacrum articulates with os coxae at sacroilic joint
83
c1-4 (coccyx) fuse by 20-30 years old
ligaments bind sacrum to coccyx cornua (horns)
84
thoracic cage composed of
T1-T12 12 PAIRS OF RIBS COSTAL CARTILAGES suprasternal notch clavicular notch sternal angle- where manubrim articualtes with body of sternum xyphoid process attachment for abdominal muscles
85
rib 1-7 called (14 in total)
true ribs because they attach to sternum at distal end via costal cartilage also called - vertebrosternal / -vertebrochondral -vertebrocostal
86
ribs 8-10 called (6 ribs in total)
false ribs because they dont attach directly to sternum only through costal artilage of rib 7 to sternum also called vertebrochondral or vertebrocostal ribs
87
ribs pairs 11-12 are called (4 ribs in total)
floating ribs because they do not attach to sternum aka vertebral ribs
88
what differentiates false ribs true ribs from floating ribs
floating ribs have heads onl and false and true ribs have heads, neck and tubercle
89
two points of articulation on the ribs
vertebral body and on the transvese costal facet
90
clavicle where is the articulation
sternum (sternoclavicular joint) | scapula (acromioclavicular joint)
91
styloid process on the radius side is where
you can palpate the wrist pulse
92
between the radius and the ulna there is
ligament; interosseous membrane
93
on top of the ulna and the radius
olecranon and trochlear notch articulate with trochlea on humerus
94
male and female differences on pubic arch and pelvic brim
male: 90 degree pubic arch and smaller pelvic brim female: 120 degree pubic arch and pelvic bring wider
95
metacarpals are within the
palm of your hand
96
digits are numbered from the start of the
thumb
97
trapezium is located in
the base of the carpal bone
98
femoropatellar has 3 ligaments
patellar, medial-lateral patellar, retinacula connect the patella to the tibia

AP Biology 1200 (6 decks)

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