Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Histology Unit 1 > Chapter 7 - Cartilage > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Cartilage Flashcards

(83 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the progression of a cartildge cell starting as MSC?

A

MSC -> Condragenic cell -> Condroblast -> trapped in ECM -> Condrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is cartilage vascular? What does this mean for the ECM?

A

Cartilage is avascular which means nutrients and waste must move through the ECM. Which means the ECM must be very hydrated and move slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 functions the hydrated ECM serve?

A
  1. Allows for the diffusion of nutrients etc
  2. Increases pliabilty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two main compotnent of cartilage? At what percentages?

A
  1. Condrocytes
  2. ECM (95%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are condrocytes trapped in?

A

Lacunae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What in the ECM allows it to draw in water?

A

The ECM has high GAG and proteoglycans which are anionic, draw in cations, which draw in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
  3. Fibrocartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which cartilage(s) are surrounded by a perichondrium?

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What makes up the ECM of hyaline cartiledge?

A
  1. Type II collagen
  2. GAGs and proteoglycans
  3. Multi-adhesive protiens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

It is the site of growth, it houses chondragenic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A
  1. Fetal skeletal tissue
  2. Rib cage
  3. Nasal vavity, larynx, trachea
  4. Articular Cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of cartilage is articular cartilage? What is it’s function? Where is it located?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

Found on the joints of long and short bones

Allows for smooth, fluid movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the ECM made of in Elastic cartilage?

A

Same as hyaline (II collagen, GAGs, proteoglycans,multiadhesive protiens)

PLUS elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the elastic fibers in elastic cartilage ECM do?

A

They increase stretching capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is elastic cartilage located? (3)

A
  1. External ear
  2. Epiglottis
  3. Auditory tube
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does fibrocartilage lack that the other two have?

A

A perichondrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What makes up the ECM of fibrocartalidge?

A

Same material as hyaline cartidage (Type II collogen, GAGs, progetoglycans, multiadhesive protiens)

PLUS type I collogne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What function does the type I collagen fibers in fibrocartilage serve?

A

It increased the strength and allwos for increased impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is fibrocartalege found? (3)

A

Invertebral discs

Meniscis (knee)

Pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What causes asteoarthritus?

A

Cartilage wears away which leads to bone on bone interactions -> inflammation and damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 4 functiosn of hyaline cartilage?

A
  1. Resist compresion
  2. Provide cushion and low-friction surface
  3. Structural support
  4. Foundation for development of fetal skeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3 compotents that make up hyaline cartilage?

A
  1. Matrix / ECM
  2. Perichondrium
  3. Chondrocytes in lacunae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the two main types of collagen found in hyaline cartilage? What are their functions?

A
  1. Type II - strength
  2. Type IX - anchor down components of matrix to create the fluid network
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is an aggrecan? What purpose does it surve in hyaline cartilage matrix?

A

A primary protetoglycan with chondroitin and keratan sulfates

Sulfates carry a neg charge –> –> water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What do mutli-adhesive glycoprotiens do?
Act as glue that hold the components of the matrix together
26
What are the two types of multi-adhesive glycoprotiens that are found in hyaline cartilage matrix? What do they do?
1. Anchorin CII - allows to attach to fibers in matrix 2. Fibronectin - anchors chondrocytes to matrix
27
What are the compotents of hyaline cartilage? (5)
1. Water (60-80%) 2. Collagen (15%) 3. Aggrecans (9%) 4. Multi-adhesive protiens (5%) 5. Condrocytes (3-5%)
28
What are the two layers of the perichondrium?
1. Outer Fibrous layer: fibroblasts, make type I collagen 2. Inner chondogenic layer: condrogenic cells that differentiate into condroblasts and then into condrocytes
29
What is the perichondrium?
Dense irregular collagenous CT membrane that surround cartilage on the ourside
30
What two cartilages don't have a perichondrium?
Articular Cartilage Fibrocartilage
31
When chondrocytes group together what are they called?
Isogenous groups
32
What do chondrocytes do?
Synthesize and maintian the ECM
33
What gives chondrocytes thier vaculoe apperence or emptiness?
High glycogen and lipid stores
34
What are the 3 zones of matrix materials between chondrocytes?
1. Pericellular/capsular matrix 2. Territorial matrix 3. Interterritorial matrix
35
What is the pericellular/capsular matrix?
Dark outline around the lacune It is the border between terretirial and interterritorial matrix
36
What is the territorial matrix?
Located within the lucunae High in proteoglycans and ECM compotents Dark apperence
37
What is the interterritorial matrix?
Between confrodytes Low in proteoglycans Light stain
38
What make the zones of matrix materials stain lighter or darker?
Increased proteoglycans = darker stain Less proteoglycans = lighet stain
39
What is the hyaline histogenesis?
MSC -\> developing cartilage (round and close) = chondrogenic blastema -\> release matrix and begin distacning = chondroblasts -\> trapped in lacunae with limited proliferation = isogenous gorups of chondrocytes
40
Appositional growth
formation of new carilage at **surface** of existing cartilage
41
Intersitial growth
formation of new cartilage **within existing** cartilage
42
What is matrix turnover?
The idea that there is continuous tissue remodeling thorughout life If there is a loss of ECM or increase in forces, condrocytes replace and replinish the matrix
43
Talk me through endochondral ossification
1. increae in blood vessels \> increased O2 in the environment 2. Perichondrim \> periosteum \> bone collor \> makes osteocytes 3. Limited diffusion of nutrients through cartilage \> condrocytes reabsorb ECM \> hyperdiated \> condrocyte death 4. Hallowing out of the primary ossification center \> create marrow cavity \> invasion of disaphysis = periosteal bud 5. All happens again at secondary ossification center
44
What parts of the bone are the diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis, and periostium?
Diaphysis = long part, shaft Epiphysis = ends Metaphysis = between the two Periostium = surrounds the bone (identical to perichondrium but with osteogenic cells that become osteocytes)
45
What are the five zones of the epiphysial plate?
1. Zone of reserve cartilage 2. Zone of porliferation - stacks of coins 3. Zone of hypertrophy 4. Zone of calcified cartilage 5. Zone of reabsorption
46
What is the function of elastic cartilage? (2)
1. Provides flexible, elastic support 2. REsilience and pliability
47
Does elastic cartilage become calcified with age?
No
48
What is the function of fibrocartilage? (3)
1. Shock absorption 2. Resistance of compression and shearing forces 3. Support and rigidity
49
Which cartilage is the strongest?
Fibrocartilage becasue of the type I colloagen
50
What are fibroblasts responsible for making in fibrocartilage? What about the chondrocytes?
Fibroblasts make type I colloagan Chondrocytes make type II collagen and aggrecan
51
What happens when you have a herniated disc?
There is a ruprure in the anulus fibrosus that cuases the nuclus pulposes to spill out and pinch a nerve
52
What are the two layers of an intervertebral disc?
1. Anulus fibrosous - external protective layer 2. Nuclues pulpous - soft inner core; protien gel and loose fibers Stress goes to nuclues pulpos adn then migrates out to anulus fibrosous
53
Identify the image
Hyaline Cartilage
54
Identify the image
Fibrocaritlage
55
Identify the image
Elastic Cartilage
56
Identify the image
Elastic Cartilage
57
Identify the image
Hyaline Cartilage in fetal skeleton
58
Identify the image
Hyaline Cartilage
59
Identify the image
Perichondrial Fibroblast Perichondrium Chondroblast Cartilage Interteriirtorial Matrix Chondrocyte Territorial Matrix
60
Identify the image
Haylaine Matrix Type II collagen Type IX collogen
61
Identify the image
Perichondrium (fibrous layer) Chrongenic layer Isogenous groups Territorial matrix Interterritiorial matrix
62
Identify the image
Neighboring DCT P = perichondrium chondrogenic layer matrix
63
Identify the image
Territorial Matrix, Interterritiroal matrix. periceullular/capsular matrix
64
Identify the image
Isogenous groups
65
Identify the image
Mesenchyme Cells
66
Identify the image
Chondrogenic Blastema
67
Identify the image
Chondroblasts and ECM
68
Identify the image
Isogenous groups of chondrocytes
69
Identify the image
Mesenchyme tissue Developing Cartilage
70
Identify the image
Endochonral Ossification ## Footnote Upper panel (short bone, monkey) 1. Hyaline cartilage model forms 2. Cartilage cells become hypertrophic 3. Matrix becomes calcified 4. Periosteal bone forms around cartilage model Lower panel (fetal finger, human) Steps 1-4 à perivascular cells from periosteum have invaded the shaft of the cartilage model, resulting in formation of a cavity. Within epiphysis, erosion of calcified cartilage occurs, creating spicules of cartilage where bone can form. (EB, endochondral bone)
71
Identify the image
5 zones of the epiphysial plate 1. Reserve Cartilage 2. Proliferation - coins 3. Hypertrophy 4. Calcified Cartilage 5. Reabsorption
72
Identify the image
Elastic Cartilage
73
Identify the image
Elastic Cartilage
74
Identify the image
Elastic Cartilage
75
Identify the image
Fibrocartilage
76
Identify the image
Fibrocartilage
77
What three characteristics about cartilage limit its ability to repair?
1. Avascular 2. Chondrocyte immobility - can't move to injury 3. Limited replication of mature chondrocytes
78
What does injurty to cartilage stimulate?
Bone formation
79
What are the two phases of repairing a cartilage ingury as physician?
1. Take cartilage from uninjured area and grow cells in vitro 2. Implant; clean up the edges, patch over injuered area with periosteum and impoant cells under the patch
80
What three normal occurences cause hyaline cartilage to calficy? What does calcification decrease?
1. Articular cartilage 2. Endochondral ossification 3. Aging process Calcification decreases diffusion
81
What is osteoarthritis?
Decrease in cartilage \> bone on bone \> bone spurs, breakdown, inflammation As you increase pressure \> breakdown in hyaline cartilage (proteoglycans and GAGs in matrix) \> lose hydration and cushion
82
Identify the image
Calcification of cartilage
83
Identify the image
Loss of cartilage as pressure increases

Histology Unit 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions