Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Histology Unit 1 > Chapter 9 - Adipose Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Adipose Tissue Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the two types of adipose tissue?

A
  1. White
  2. Brown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes the white space in slides of adipose tissue?

A

Formalin pulls the lipids away leaving a white space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are all the cytoplasmic contents located in adipose tissue?

A

They are pushed to the side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are adipose tissue highly vascular or avascular?

A

Highly vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a cluster of adipose cells called?

A

Lobule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are lobules (clusters of adipose cells) seperated by? Name and tissue type

A

Septa

Dense irregular CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of fiber is located in intervening spaces between adipocytes?

A

Reticular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cells are adipocytes derived from?

A

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main cell type present in adipose tissue?

A

Adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the major function of adipose tissue?

A

Store excess energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In what macromolecues is energy stored in adipocytes?

A
  1. Triglycerides within a lipid droplet
  2. Limited carbohydrates and protiens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the second minor function of adipocytes?

A

Are endocrine glands that regulate energy metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some disease states that would be effected by our endocrine glads misreggulation of metabolism?

A

Heart disease, chronic inflammation, diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What animal has a lot of adipose tissue?

A

Camel, the hump is made almost entriely of adipose tissue which can generate water through the breakdown of lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What causes lipogenesis? What does lipogenesis produce?

A

Excess nutrition (lipids and carbs) > lipogenesis > increased fat storage

Produces triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes lipid oxidation?

A

Insufficent nutrition > lipid oxidation > energy production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What differentiates brown and white adipose tissue? How many vacuoles? What organisms are they found in?

A

White; single large lipid vacuole = unilocular, adult humans

Brown; multilocular, more mitochondria and cytochrome C (?),fetal life and early childhood, hibernating animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What important function does brown adipose tissue serve in babies?

A

Thermogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What determines wether adipose tissue will be brown or white?

A

Transcription factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the differnt cell stages form MSC to adipocyte?

A

MSC > early lipoblast > midstage lipoblast > latestage lipoblast > mature white adipocyte

MSC > early lipoblast > brown adipocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What specific transcription factors are requiered for differentiation to white adipocytes? (2)

A
  1. PPARy
  2. RXR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What specific TF are required to form a brown adipocyte?

A
  1. PRDM 16
  2. PGC-1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What signal do brown adipocytes never recieve?

A

The signal to merge vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are in the cytoplasmic contents of adipocytes?

A
  1. Mitochondria
  2. Glycogen stores
  3. Basal Lamia - allows for meshwork and attachment between adjacent adipocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the subcutaneous layer? What is it important for?
Layer below the dermis Important for insulation
26
Where is adipose tissue located?
Subcutaneous layer Mammary glands Greater omentum (hangs over the stomach) Mesenteries (lines intestines) Retroperitoneal Space (space in organs) Visceral pericardium (heart) Eye sockets Bone Marrow Cavity
27
What are the two "shapes" a person can have regarding fat?
1. Android (apple) 2. Gynoid (pear)
28
What are 4 factors that effect the distirbution of adipose tissue (android or gynoid)?
1. Gender 2. Genetics 3. Menopause 4. Yo-yo dieting (periods of starvation)
29
Why would menopause effect the distribution of weight?
Post-menopausal women will shift to android shape becasue decrease in estrogen
30
What are some increased risks associated with the android shape?
Increased cardivascular, hypertension, and non-insulin dependent diabetes
31
What is hypertrophy?
Increase in cell size
32
What is hyperplasia?
Increase in cell number
33
What is the brain-gut-adipose axis?
Interconnected sigals that regulate the appetite, hunger, satieity, and energy homeostasis
34
What two hormones are responsible for short term regulation in the brain-gut-adipose axis?
Ghrelin Peptide YY
35
What two hormones are responsible for long term regulation in the brain-gut-adipose axis?
Leptin Insulin
36
What does Gherin do? Where is it made?
Appetite Stimulant Made by gastroepithelial cells - is there food in the stomach? No. Send Gherin Increase appetite and decrease lipid oxidation and increase stores
37
Do obese people have more gherin? Do anorexic?
Obese people do NOT have more gherin Anorexic people do becasue your body wants to increase its appetite because its starving
38
Prader-Will syndrome; symptoms? cause?
Mutation in Chromosome 15 Increased Ghelin \> compulsive eating Short, low muscle tone, low cognitive function
39
What does Peptide YY (PYY) do? Where is it made?
Apetite suppresent Produced in the small intestine - tell you you have food
40
What receptor do Ghelin and PYY bind to? What does this make them?
Both bind to hypothalumus This makes them antagonists
41
What does Leptin do?
Inhibits hunger, stimulates satiety Protects against weight loss in times of food deprevation
42
What does a defficency in Leptin cause?
It can lead to over eating and obesity
43
Do obese people have increased or decreased leptin?
Obesity people have increased leptin but decreased sensitivity (less receptors etc)
44
What does insulin do?
Regulates blood glucose levels; promotes lipid synthesis and supressed lipid degredation Increase insulin increase tryglycerides increase adipose tissue
45
There are lots of hormones and protiens produced by adipose tissue
True
46
What two protiens increase resistence to Insulin and cause type II diabetes?
1. Adiponectin 2. Resisten
47
What can AGE and Ang II cause?
Blood clotss
48
What can PAI - 1 cause?
Increased chance of high blood pressure
49
What do prostoglandins cause?
Chronic inflammation
50
What type of organism likley has high brown adipose tissue?
Newborns Hibernating animals Provides thermogenesis
51
How is thermoregulation regulated? (2)
UCP-1 facilitates thermogenic activity Regulated by norepiniphrine released from the symphathetic nerves
52
What makes brown adipose tissue different from white in regards to thermoregulation?
Increased mitochondria No ATP synthase \> proton motor force \> UCP-1
53
Brown fat can accumulate in adults for what 3 reasons?
1. During winter months 2. In lean people 3. In outdoor workers
54
Where does brown adipose tissue accumulate in adults?
Neck and shoulder region
55
Identify the image
White adipose tissue
56
Identify the image
White adipose tissue
57
Identify the image
Brown adipose tissue
58
Identify the image
Brown adipose tissue
59
Identify the image (first three boxes are examples of what?)
Developing adipocytes
60
Identify the image
Septa seperating two adiopocytes
61
Identify the image
Caused by different location of adipose tissue
62
Identify the image
Example of hypertrophy
63
Identify the illness
Prader-Willi Syndrome
64
Identify the image
PET scan highlighting enriched glucose = brown fat location

Histology Unit 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions