Chapter 7: Chemistry

Question 1

a change in the physical form of a substance without creating a new substance with distinct composition

Answer 1

Physical change

Question 2

a change in a substance that creates a new substance with different material characteristics from those of the original substance

Answer 2

Chemical change

Question 3

smallest complete unit of an element

Answer 3

An Atom

Question 4

basic units of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction

Answer 4

Elements

Question 5

smallest particle of a compound that contains all the chemical properties of that compound

Answer 5

Molecule

Question 6

created by chemically uniting two different elements

Answer 6

Compounds

Question 7

bond uniting two amino acid groups

Answer 7

Peptide bonds

Question 8

thousands of amino acids connected together lengthwise to form a chain

Answer 8

Poly peptide chain

Question 9

unifying concept used to organize elements and their similarities

Answer 9

Periodic law

Question 10

groups of monomers that bond together

Answer 10

Polymers

Question 11

serve as building blocks that connect with each other to form larger, more complex compounds

Answer 11

Monomers

Question 12

anything that occupies space

Answer 12

Matter

Question 13

has a positive electrical charge

Answer 13

Proton

Question 14

has no electrical charge

Answer 14

Neutron

Question 15

has a negative electrical charge

Answer 15

Electron

Question 16

oils and oil-soluble substances used to condition and soften the skin

Answer 16

Emollients

Question 17

bind a wide range of organic and inorganic matter (oils and dirt) to water

Answer 17

Surfactants

Question 18

chemically unstable molecules caused by

environmental pollutants and UV exposure

Answer 18

Free radicals

Question 19

ingredients used in certain types of treatment products to prevent skin inflammation and damage

Answer 19

Antioxidants

Question 20

likely to block or clog pores and contribute to pimples

Answer 20

Comedogenic

Question 21

organic acids extracted from a variety of natural sources, including fruits, sugar, and milk

Answer 21

Hydroxy acids

Question 22

Salicylic Acid; carboxyl group located on the second carbon atom of the organic acid chain

Answer 22

Beta hydroxy acids

Question 23

Glycolic or Lactic Acids; carboxyl group is found on first carbon atom of the organic acid chain

Answer 23

Alpha hydroxy acids

Question 24

Malic Acid; contains several carboxyl groups in the same chain

Answer 24

Poly hydroxy acid

Question 25

act as a mesh-like pattern of waterproof molecules over the skin, allowing oxygen molecules to penetrate but keeping water inside

Answer 25

Silicones

Question 26

gives products “slip”

Answer 26

Dimethicone

Question 27

organic ingredients that bind water and deposit it onto the skin

Answer 27

Humectant

Question 28

used to keep crémes and lotions soft and easy to apply

Answer 28

Fatty acid

Question 29

increase the thickness of cosmetic products and provide moisturizing properties

Answer 29

Fatty alcohol

Question 30

product has less than 1% fragrance added or no fragrance at all

Answer 30

Fragrance free

Question 31

allows for the suspension of small particle solids in a base by creating a supporting structure to prevent settling

Answer 31

Thickener

Question 32

ingredients that help increase the density in products

Answer 32

Viscosity modifier / thickener

Question 33

ingredient that helps to prevent moisture loss through evaporation

Answer 33

Emollient

Question 34

ingredients added to a product to enhance the effectiveness of the preservative

Answer 34

Chelating agent

Question 35

pertains to the thickness of a product

Answer 35

Viscosity/thickener

Question 36

mixture of two or more chemicals (compounds) in which each component is evenly distributed in the mixture to form a complete and homogenous dispersion

Answer 36

Solution

Question 37

Liquid part of a solution

Answer 37

Solvent

Question 38

part of a solution being dissolved

Answer 38

Sollute