Chapter 8: Skin Physiology

Question 1

found in the epidermis and has the function of covering and protecting

Answer 1

Epithelial cells

Question 2

found in the dermis and are responsible for formation of fibers and aid in the production of collagen and elastin

Answer 2

Fibroblast cells

Question 3

cells found in the Stratum Germinativum that divide and produce new cells to replace the cells that have been shed

Answer 3

Basal cells

Question 4

give skin it’s color and are not found in the thick skin of the palms of your hand or soles of your feet

Answer 4

Melanocytes

Question 5

cells that protect the layers of the skin found below the stratum corneum

Answer 5

Squamous cells

Question 6

respond to allergic stimuli; contain granules with histamines

Answer 6

Mast cells

Question 7

touch receptors or sensory cells that are only found in thick skin (without hair) in the Stratum Germinativum

Answer 7

Merkel cells

Question 8

Intercellular connections

Answer 8

Desmosomes

Question 9

found connecting the dermis to the epidermis

Answer 9

Hemidesmosomes

Question 10

Toughest layer of the epidermis

Answer 10

Stratum corneum

Question 11

layer of epidermis found throughout the body but thickest on palms of hands and soles of feet

Answer 11

Stratum lucidum

Question 12

layer of epidermis composed of granule-shaped cells that are on their way up to the skin’s surface to replace cells shed from the stratum corneum

Answer 12

Stratum granulosum

Question 13

Light pressure & cold receptors

Answer 13

Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 14

Long-term pressure & heat receptors

Answer 14

Ruffini’s corpuscles

Question 15

deep pressure and pain receptors

Answer 15

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 16

pressure and pain receptors

Answer 16

Krause’s end bulbs

Question 17

layer of epidermis in which its desmosomes appear as “spines” between the cells that provide strength and support

Answer 17

Stratum spinosum

Question 18

lowest layer of epidermis; contains basal cells that continually divide through mitosis

Answer 18

Stratum germinativum

Question 19

found in stratum spinosum and help protect the body from infection

Answer 19

Langerhans cells

Question 20

layer composed primarily of adipose tissue

Answer 20

Subcutaneous layer

Question 21

primarily compose the stratum corneum and consist of the protein keratin

Answer 21

Keratinocytes

Question 22

fibrous protein that helps prevent the skin from sagging

Answer 22

Elastin

Question 23

physical process of removing dead skin cells with an abrasive product, such as a scrub

Answer 23

Manual Exfoliation

Question 24

male hormone present in both men and women that influences the amount of serum produced

Answer 24

androgen

Question 25

process of using natural substances like enzymes and AHAs to cause a chemical reaction that removes skin cells

Answer 25

Chemical exfoliation

Question 26

an abnormal membranous sac containing a gaseous, liquid or semi-solid substance

Answer 26

Cyst

Question 27

solid mass within the skin that may be hard, soft, fixed, or freely moving

Answer 27

Nodule / tumor

Question 28

solid formation above the skin often caused by insect bites or an allergic reaction

Answer 28

Wheal

Question 29

open lesion visible on the surface of skin; may not perform any skin care services when this condition is present

Answer 29

Ulcer

Question 30

plugged sebaceous gland with an opening that is not widely dilated

Answer 30

Whitehead

Question 31

medical term for ringworm

Answer 31

Tinea

Question 32

open follicle with a black surface plug, which has been oxidized and discolored due to the sebum’s contact with the air

Answer 32

Blackhead

Question 33

A blackhead

Answer 33

Open comedones

Question 34

A whitehead

Answer 34

Closed comedones

Question 35

small elevation of the skin, usually inflammatory, that does not contain pus

Answer 35

Papule

Question 36

small inflamed elevation filled with bacterial fluid and pus

Answer 36

Pustule

Question 37

crack or line in the skin due to exposure to wind, cold, or water

Answer 37

Fissure

Question 38

fluid-filled elevation in the skin caused by localized accumulation of fluids or blood just below the epidermis

Answer 38

Vesicle / blister

Question 39

discoloration of the skin’s surface, like a large freckle

Answer 39

Macule