Chapter 7 Definitions: Early Adulthood Flashcards
Early Adulthood:
Ages 20- 40
Senescence
The natural and physical decline brought about by aging (early 20’s)
Stress:
Physical and Emotional response to events that threaten or challenge us
Psychoneurolmmunology (PNI)
The study of the relationship between the brain, the immune system, and psychological factors
- Determines the outcome of stress
Primary Appraisal:
The assessment of an events to determine whether its implications are positive, negative, or neutral
-e.g: you are likely to feel differently about an upcoming french test if you passed the last one with flying colours rather than if you did poorly
Secondary Appraisal:
The assessment of whether ones coping abilities are resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat or challenge posed by the potential stressor
- Can I handle it?
- e.g If you get a traffic ticket it is upsetting but if you can’t afford the fine then the strew is greater
Psychosomatic Disorder
- Consequence of stress
- Caused by interaction os psychological, emotional and physical difficulties
- e.g: ulsers, asthma, high blood pressure
Coping:
The effort to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress
- Problem Focused Coping: managing a threading situation by directly changing it to make it less stressful ( if they have to many responsibilities at work they will tell their boss and ask for less)
- Emotion Focused Coping - the conscious regulation of emotion ( someone who can’t find a babysitter for they child while at work might say “ at least I have a job in this terrible economy”)
Defensive coping:
Coping that involves unconscious strategies that distort or deny the true nature of a situation
-e.g: Failing a major test in unimportant
Hardiness:
A personality characteristic associated with a lower rate of stress-related illness
Postformal Thought:
Thinking that acknowledges that adult predicaments must sometimes be solved in relativistic terms. Rather than being based on purely logical processes
- Multiple causes and multiple solutions of a situation
- Dialectical thinking -> issues are not always clear cut, and that sometimes answers to questions must be negotiated.
Acquisitive Stage:
(Schaie): The first stage of cognitive development encompassing all of childhood and adolescents in which the main developmental task is to acquire information
-CHILDHOOD ADOLESCENCE
Achieving Stage:
The point reached by young adults in which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long term goals regarding careers, families and societal contributors
- Who they marry, what job to take
- YOUNG ADULTHOOD
Responsible Stage:
- Stage where major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations, including protecting and nourishing their spouses, families and careers
- MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Executive Stage:
The period in middle adulthood when people take a border perspective than earlier, including concerns about the world
- MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Reintegrative Stage:
The period of late adulthood during which the focus is on tasks that have personal meaning
- acquire information about issued that that specifically speak to them
- LATE ADULTHOOD
Practical Intelligence: (Sternberg)
-Intelligence learned primarily by observing others and modelling their behaviour
Emotional Intelligence:
The set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions
- What allows people to get along well with others, to understand what they are feeling and experiencing
Creativity:
Combining responses or ideas in novel ways
First- year adjustment reaction:
A cluster of psychological symptoms, including loneliness, anxiety, withdrawal, and depression, suffered by first year students
Stereotype Threat:
Obstacles to performance that come from awareness of the stereotypes held by society about academic abilities
- e.g: women seeking to achieve in fields like math and science might worry about the failure that society predicts for them
Social Clock
- The culturally determined psychological timepiece providing a sense of whether we have reached the major benchmarks of life at the appropriate time in comparison to our peers
- > 23 be done university and starting to work
Intimacy vs isolation stage
According to Erikson, the period from postadolescne into the daly thirties that focuses on developing close relationships with others
- Those who experience difficulties during this stage are often lonely, isolated and fearful of relationships
Stimulus Value Role Theory (SVR)
Theory that relationships proceed in a fixed order of 3 staged: stimulus, value, and role
