Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MAP 140- Laboratory And Surgical Procedures > Chapter 7- Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 7- Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Hormones are involved in

A

Growth control, mood, system functions, metabolism, sexual maturity, and reproduction.
{ Illness and stress can vary and affect hormonal levels}

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endocrine glands include the following:

A

Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Thymus and Reproductive Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The hypothalamus is located

A

In the midbrain and controls the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The pituitary gland is located:

A

Below the hypothalamus and secretes hormones that regulate multiple endocrine glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The pineal gland is located in:

A

The brain and secretes melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The thyroid gland is located in the

A

Anterior neck and secretes T3 and T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The parathyroid gland is located:

A

Above the thyroid gland and secretes parathyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The thymus glands are located in the:

A

Neck and secrete hormones that help in T- cell maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adrenal glands are present above:

A

The kidneys and secrete hormones that control various body functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Male and female gonads (testes and ovaries) produce:

A

Sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which body functions are controlled by the endocrine system?

A

Growth, Metabolism, Reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Growth:

A

Hormones that stimulate growth are controlled by the endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Metabolism:

A

Hormones that regulate metabolism are controlled by the endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Reproduction:

A

Hormones that regulate reproduction are controlled by the endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Allergies:

A

Allergic responses are controlled by the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Digestion:

A

The process of digestion is controlled by the gastrointestinal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which gland if a female reproductive gland?

A

Ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ovary:

A

The females reproductive gland that secretes estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Testes:

A

The male reproductive glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Uterus:

A

Part of the reproductive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fallopian tube:

A

Apart of the reproductive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do endocrine glands release the hormones they secrete?

A

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The endocrine system releases hormones into the

A

Blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Endocrine glands secrete hormones that are carried to specific target cells to perform

A

Action at a cellular level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Anterior pituitary produces

A

Growth hormone, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Prolactin, Follicle- Stimulating Hormone, And Luteinizing Hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Posterior pituitary gland produces

A

Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pineal gland excretes

A

Melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Thyroid gland releases

A

Thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Parathyroid gland releases

A

Parathyroid hormones and calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The adrenal cortex produces

A

Corticosteroid hormones, such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The adrenal medulla produces

A

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Testes secrete

A

Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ovaries secrete

A

Estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Pancreas produces

A

Insulin and glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Nervous stimulation, endocrine control, and feedback systems regulate

A

Hormonal production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Feedback systems are a:

A

Response of the endocrine glands to hormonal imbalance
( assists with regulation of hormone production )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The most common response to hormonal balance

A

The negative feedback system (function to return body to homeostasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How do hormones reach their target cells?

A

Endocrine glands secrete the hormone, which then attaches to receptor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What regulates hormone production?

A

Feedback systems, Endocrine Control, and Nervous Stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Endocrine control:

A

When a hormone from one endocrine gland controls the hormone of another gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Nervous stimulation:

A

Is required to regulate hormone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are examples of a negative feedback system?

A
  • Secretion of insulin in response to elevated blood glucose
  • Parathyroid gland correcting an increase in blood calcium levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Which gland is referred to as the “ master gland”

A

Pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are parts of the pituitary gland?

A

Anterior & Posterior Lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Which glands produce sex hormones?

A

Gonads, Testes, and Ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Which glands are located on top of the kidneys?

A

Adrenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Which is an example of a negative feedback system?

A

An endocrine gland response to a hormone imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Match the hormone of the gland that produces it:

A

Pineal- Melatonin
Parathyroid- Calcitonin
Adrenal medulla- Epinephrine
Anterior Pituitary- Growth Hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

How do hormones act on specific target cells?

A

Target cells allow the hormone to enter the cell and affect cellular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

-Endocrinology

A

Specialty dealing with endocrine disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Endocrinologist

A

Specialist in endocrinology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Target Cell

A

A cell selectively affected by a specific agent, such as a drug, hormone or virus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Endocrine

A

slow communication via hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Nervous

A

fast communication via nerve impulses and responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Ductless glands throughout the body

A
  • Ductless glands throughout the body
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary gland
  • Pineal gland
  • Thyroid gland
  • Parathyroid gland
  • Thymus
  • Pancreas
  • Adrenal glands
  • Reproductive glands
56
Q

Hypothalamus

A

-Location
 Mid-brain
-Functions
 Major connection for endocrine system
 Works with pituitary gland
- Hormones produced.
 Antidiuretic hormone
 Oxytocin

57
Q

Pituitary Gland aka Hypophysis:
“ The master gland”

A

 Location
Connected to hypothalamus by infundibulum.
 Anterior and posterior lobes
 Functions
“Master gland” controls other endocrine glands
 Hormones
Anterior lobe produces and secretes
* Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
* Follicle-stimulation hormone (FSH)
* Growth hormone (GH)
* Luteinizing hormone (LH)
* Prolactin (PRL)
* Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Posterior lobe is nervous tissue; stores/secretes
* Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
* Oxytocin (OT)
“ Postivie feedback loop”

58
Q

Parathyroid Gland:

A

 Location
Back side of the thyroid gland
4 pea-sized glands
 Functions
Regulate calcium and phosphorous levels
 Hormone secretes
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

59
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

 Location
Top of kidneys
Triangular
Adrenal cortex (outer) and medulla (inner)
 Functions
Electrolyte balance, glucose levels, BP
maintenance, anti-inflammation, secondary sex
characteristics, “fight-or-flight”
 Hormones produced
Adrenal cortex produces and secretes steroids
*
 Adrenal medulla produces and secretes
nonsteroids
* Epinephrine
* Norepinephrine

60
Q

Thyroid Gland:

A

 Location
On the neck above the collarbone
Butterfly-shaped
 Functions
Hormones regulate metabolism, calcium and
phosphate levels
 Hormones produces, stored, and secreted
T3
T4
Calcitonin

61
Q

Pancreas:

A

 Location
Inferior and posterior to the stomach
Has pancreatic islets
Functions (both endocrine and exocrine)
 Endocrine
* Blood glucose regulation
 Exocrine
* Regulation of pancreatic hormones, secretion of GH,
weight regulation, more being studied.

62
Q

Pancreas:

A

 Location
Inferior and posterior to the stomach
Has pancreatic islets
Functions- (both endocrine and exocrine)
- Releases digestive enzymes into the small intestine

63
Q

Endocrine Gland:

A

Release hormones into the blood
* Blood glucose regulation

64
Q

Exocrine Gland:

A

Releases secretions through ducts
* Regulation of pancreatic hormones, secretion of GH,
weight regulation, more being studied.

65
Q

Hormones secreted by the Pancreas:

A

Glucagon, Insulin, Somatostatin, Ghrelin
“ Negative feedback loop”

66
Q

Thymus:

A

 Location
In the mediastinum behind the sternum
 Function
Hormone stimulates production of maturity of T cells.
 Hormones secreted:
Thymosin
Thymopoietin

67
Q

Gonads:

A

Known as Primary sex organs
Male- Testes
- Testosterone
Female- Ovaries
-Estrogen
-Progesterone

68
Q

Pineal Gland:

A

Located deep with the brain
Secretes:
Melatonin

69
Q

Mechanisms of Hormone Regulation:

A

-The goal of hormone regulation is to maintain homeostasis. The following examples demonstrate these three mechanisms.
Nervous System Regulation
Endocrine Control Regulation
Feedback System Regulation

70
Q

Target Cells:

A
  • each hormone released into the blood stream has specific target cells for action.
  • they have specific receptors that attract only certain hormones
71
Q

Hormone action:

A
  • there are two kinds of hormones.
    Nonsteroid Hormones, Steroid Hormones
72
Q

Prostaglandins:

A

also, known as tissue hormones, are substances found in many body tissues. They help regulate processes such as respiration, blood pressure, digestive system secretions & reproductive functions.

73
Q

Nervous System Regulation:

A

during a stressful, the adrenal medulla releases adrenaline in response to stimulation from the sympathetic nervous system.

74
Q

Endocrine Control System:

A

TSH from the arterior pituitary stimulates the thyroid to secrete T3 & T4.

75
Q

Feedback System Regulation:

A

a negative feedback loop system example: if the calcium blood level falls below normal the parathyroid glands are stimulated to release PTH.

76
Q

Nonsteroid Hormones:

A

are made up of protein & amino acids

77
Q

Steroid Hormones:

A

are small lipid- soluble (fat- soluble) molecules that attach to a target cell membrane and then pass directly into the target cell.

78
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

Grave’s Disease

79
Q

What disease involves a malfunction of the adrenal cortex resulting in increased levels of cortisol?

A

Crushing Disease

80
Q

The healthcare specialty that studies the glands, hormones, and hormonal effects on the body is called:

A

Endocrinology

81
Q

A rare condition that occurs when the hypothalamus and/or posterior pituitary do not produce or release adequate amounts of antidiuretic hormone is called

A

Diabetes insipidus.

82
Q

The _________ gland is located deep within the brain and secretes the hormone melatonin.

A

Pineal

83
Q

Which gland when stimulated by TSH produces two hormones that regulate the metabolism of the body and its normal growth and development?

A

Thyroid Gland

84
Q

____________ is defined as blood glucose levels rising as high as 300 to 750 mg/dL.

A

Hyperglycemia

85
Q

Which gland is located in the mediastinum above the heart?

A

Thymus Gland

86
Q

The _____________, located in the middle of the brain, is the major connection between the nervous and endocrine systems.

A

Hypothalmus

87
Q

A steady state that is created by all the body systems working together to provide a consistent and unvarying internal environment is called

A

Homeostasis

88
Q

Which term describes a temporary fall in blood pressure when a person rapidly changes from a recumbent position to a standing position?

A

Orthostatic hypotension

89
Q

Which medical term means deterioration or wasting away of muscle?

A

Atrophy

90
Q

Which condition is a vision-related disorder of the eyes and vision that causes intraocular pressure:

A

Glaucoma

91
Q

The dermis starts to break down as part of the aging process. Which cells are first to decrease in numbers?

A

Collagen

92
Q

Which disorder associated with vision is related to or happens during the aging process?

A

Presbyopia

93
Q

What term is a decrease in bone mass that causes brittle bones that break easily and is seen in the geriatric population?

A

Osteoporosis

94
Q

What is the most common reason for hospitalization of elderly patients?

A

CHF

95
Q

What is the medical name for a bedsore that has developed over a bony prominence?

A

Decubitus ulcer

96
Q

Which disease or disorder is related to the aging process and affects hearing?

A

Presbycusis

97
Q

Which medication contributes to constipation in geriatric patients?

A

Calcium

98
Q

Which organ secretes insulin?

A

Pancreas

99
Q

Which hormones work together to maintain optimum calcium levels?

A

Calcitonin and parathormone (parathyroid hormone)

100
Q

At which week of gestation during pregnancy should a pt be tested for gestational diabetes?

A

24 to 28 weeks gestation

101
Q

Which diagnostic test result suggests a diagnosis of diabetes?

A

Fasting blood sugar 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)

102
Q

Which risk factor is common in or diagnosed with hypothyroidism?

A

Female over the age of 60

103
Q

Which treatment is used for a pt with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism?

A

Oral levothyroxine

104
Q

Which hormone is released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

Antidiuretic

105
Q

Which characteristic of insulin?

A

Lowers blood glucose levels

106
Q

Which condition occurs as a result of hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) after puberty?

A

Acromegaly

107
Q

Which hormone is associated with acromegaly?

A

Growth hormone

108
Q

Where are the receptor sites of steroid hormones located in a cell?

A

Inside the cell

109
Q

Which pancreatic disease causes a total lack of insulin production?

A

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

110
Q

Which symptom is common in pt diagnosed with hyperthyroidism?

A

Exophthalmia

111
Q

Which endocrine gland is considered a female gonad?

A

Ovary

112
Q

Which function does the pancreas perform?

A

Regulates the level of glucose in the blood

113
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

Posterior side of the thyroid gland

114
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is secreted by which gland?

A

Posterior pituitary

115
Q

Which hormone is produced by the neurohypophysis?

A

Oxytocin

116
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the adenohypophysis?

A

Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

117
Q

Which part of the brain works closely with the pituitary gland, produces hormones, and signals the pituitary gland to release these hormones?

A

Hypothalamus

118
Q

Which are principal actions of luteinzing hormone ?

A

Produces testosterone
Produces progesterone

119
Q

Which severe complication can develop in a pt with diabetes insipidus?

A

Dehydration

120
Q

Which hormone is deficient in a pt who has diabetes insipidus?

A

Vasopressin

121
Q

Which endocrine gland dysfunction is suspected in a pt diagnosed with a decreased count of mature T cells in the blood?

A

Thymus

122
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex?

A

Estrogen
Aldosterone
Glucocorticoids

123
Q

Which describes the location of the glands that secrete parathyroid hormone?

A

Posterior surface of the thyroid

124
Q

A pt complains to the MA about sleeping issues. Which hormonal level might be causing this symptom?

A

Melatonin

125
Q

Which hormones are secreted adrenal glands?

A

Androgens
Aldosterone
Epinephrine

126
Q

Which hormone plays an important role in immune mechanisms?

A

Thymosin

127
Q

Which hormones play an important role in the pp pt?

A

Oxytocin
Prolactin

128
Q

Which structures are regions of the pituitary gland?

A

Neurohypophysis
Adenohypophysis

129
Q

Which structure secretes the hormone that is associated with diabetes mellitus?

A

Beta cells of pancreatic islets

130
Q

Which hormones are known as fight or flight hormones?

A

Epinephrine
Adrenaline

131
Q

Which characteristic might be observed in a pt with low levels of epinephrine??

A

Inability to cope with stress

132
Q

Which functions are performed by the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?

A

Assist with lactation
Help in fluid reabsorption
Stimulate the thyroid gland

133
Q

Which disorder will show a decreased thyroid hormone level in a lab report?

A

Myxedema

134
Q

Which hormone level is deceased in a or who has excessive loss of calcium ?

A

Parathyroid hormone

135
Q

While assessing a pt, the MA learns that the pt has diabetes insipidus. Which reason does the MA expect to be the cause of this condition?

A

Insufficient vasopressin

MAP 140- Laboratory And Surgical Procedures (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions