Chapter 7: Genetic Linkage Flashcards
Chromosomes are made up of
DNA
certain units of DNA that influence an organism’s traits are known as …
genes
one chromosome has _________ of ______ on it
thousands, genes
every cell carries a copy of all your chromosomes (except _________)
gametes
genes are inherited via chromosomes passed down through….
meiosis
Mendel’s Laws of Segregation & Independent Assortment establish…..
a baseline for inheritance
Synteny
when 2+ genes are located on the same chromosome
the phenomenon in which genes that are close together on the same chromosome tend to be transmitted as a unit
Genetic linkage
What does genetic linkage violate?
Medel’s law of segregation
chromosomes can be referred to as a ________ group
of linkage groups = # of chromosome types
linkage
# of linkage groups = # of chromosome types
F1 generation was ___________
heterozygous
F2 generation showed a ratio of 15.6:1:1.4:4.5 but it should have a ratio of ________
9:3:3:1
F2 generation does not __________________
follow normal inheritance pattern
Crossing over occurs during meiosis one to
create genetic variation
Recombinant
combinations of alleles or traits that are not found in the true-breeding paternal generation
nonrecombinant
gamete or offspring in which no crossing over has occurred
Genetic recombination occurs in what two ways?
- crossing over
- Independent assortment
Genetic recombination can occur in __ chromosome but not __ due to ___________________
X, Y, size and function of the chromosome
The likelihood of crossing over is dependent on
distance between two genes on a chromosome
how do we know if the resulting genetic variation is due to crossing over or independent assortment?
Chi-square analysis
Step 1 of Chi-square analysis
propose a hypothesis
step 2 of Chi-square analysis
determine your “expected” values
Step 3 of Chi-square analysis
compare observed results to the expected results.
Null Hypothesis
assumes there is no real diff between the observed and expected values
