Chapter 7: Introduction to TCP/IP Flashcards by Andrew S

What networking protocol is used by the Internet and the vast majority of business and home networks?

TCP/IP

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Protocol

Comon set of rules that govern communications

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TCP/IP isn’t just a protocol, it’s _____

A collection of different protocols that work together to delivery connectivity.

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TCP/IP stands for

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

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What are the four layers of the Department of Defense (DoD) networking model?

Process / Application

Host-to-Host

Internet

Network Access

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What model does the TCP/IP protocol suite use?

DoD networking model

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Telnet, FTP, LPD, SNMP, TFTP, SMTP, NFS and HTTP are all examples of TCP/IP protocols at the DoD’s ____ layer.

Process / Application

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TCP and UDP are both TCP/IP protocols located at the DoD’s ____ layer

Host-to-Host

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ICMP, ARP, RARP, and IP are all protocols o TCP/IP, located on the DoD’s ____ layer

Internet

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Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI are all TCP/IP protocols locaed on the DoD’s ____ layer

Network access

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HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Sites on the Process/Application level of the DoD model

Manages communication between a web server and a client

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FTP

File Transfer Protocol

Sits on the Process/Application level of the DoD

Allows for the transfer of files

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SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Sits at the Process/Application level of the DoD model

Prococol used to send email messages.

Referred to as a push protocol because it’s only designed to send.

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POP3

Post office protocol 3

Sits at the Process/Application level of the DoD model

Used to download email from a server.

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UDP

User Datagram Protocol

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ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol

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ARP

Address Resolution Protocol

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RDP

Remote Desktop Protocol

Sits at the Process/Application level of the DoD model

Used to connect to remote computers and run programs on them.

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DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Sits at the Process/Application level of the DoD model.

Dynamically assigns IP addresses and other IP configuration informaion to network clients.

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DNS

Domain Name System

Sits on the DoD’s Process/Application level.

Resolves hostnames to IP addresses.

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HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

Sits on the Process/Application level of the DoD model

Securely encrypts traffic between a web server and a client. Secured using either SSL or TLS

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IMAP

Internet Message Access Protocol

Sits on the process / application level of the DoD model

Used to allow for the management of email on a remote server.

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LDAP

Lighweight Directory Access Protocol

Sits on the Process/Application level of the DoD model

Provides centralized access to authentication, contact information, client lists, and configuration data for a network

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SFTP

Secure File Transfer Protocol

Sits at the Process/Application level of the DoD model

FTP, but encrypted

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SMB

Server Message Block Sits at the Process/Application level of the DoD model Microsoft-developed protocol. Used to provide shared access to files, printers, and other network resources.

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol Sits at the Process/Application level of the DoD model Data from network equipment like routers and switches regarding the operation of those devices. This data is sent using SNMP protocol SNMP servers can collect the data and allow you to analyze it

SSH

Secure Shell Sits at the Process/Application level of the DoD model A secure version of Telnet, which allows remote logins at the commandline.

Telnet

Sits at the Process/Application level of the DoD model Remote access via command line to another PC

Two TCP/IP protocols that sit at the host-to-host level of the DoD model

TCP UDP

Major difference between TCP and UDP

TCP gaurantees packet delivery through the use of a "virtual circuit" and data acknowledgements. UDP does not. It's a stream of packets that are or are not received correctly.

Is TCP connectionless or connection-oriented

Connection Oriented

Is UDP conectionless or connection oriented?

Connectionless

Why does TCP and UDP use port numbers?

This enables a server to differentiate requests among different users. It also signals the requested protocol to be used

What is the range of ports available to TCP and UDP traffic?

0 to 65,535 That's 65,536 ports

Which range of ports is considered 'well-known'

0-1023

Which range of ports is considered 'registered ports"

1024 - 49151

FTP Which protocol? Which port number?

TCP 20 or 21

SSH Which protocol? Which port number?

TCP 22

Telnet Which protocol? Which port number?

TCP 23

SMTP Which protocol? Which port number?

TCP 25

DNS Which protocol? Which port number?

TCP or UDP 53

HTTP Which protocol? Which port number?

TCP 80

DHCP Which protocol? Which port number?

UDP 67 or 68

POP3 Which protocol? Which port number?

TCP 110

IMAP4 Which protocol? Which port number?

TCP 143

SNMP Which protocol? Which port number?

UDP 161

LDAP Which protocol? Which port number?

TCP 389

HTTPS Which protocol? Which port number?

TCP 443

SMB Which protocol? Which port number?

TCP 445

RDP Which protocol? Which port number?

TCP 3389

There is only one TCP/IP protocol at the Internet layer of the DoD model. What is it?

IP Internet Protocol

What is the IP protocol responsible for?

Managing logical network addresses and getting data from point A to point B.

Within IP there are three support protocols known as

ICMP ARP RARP

ICMP

Internet Control Messaging Protocol Responsible for delivering error messages. Ping uses ICMP

ARP

Address Resolution Protocol Resolves logical IP addresses to physical MAC addresses. This is how network clients find a neighboring client's MAC address.

RARP

Reverse ARP Resolves MAC addresses to IP addresses. Allows you to find an IP address if you just have a MAC address.

Host

Any device on a network with an IP address

The format used to express IP addresses

Dotted-decimal notation

How many bits is an IPv4 address?

32 Bits

An IP address is said to be \_\_\_\_\_, as opposed to flat because \_\_\_\_\_

Hierarchical ...because the numbers at the beginning of the address identify groups of computers that belong to the same network.

Octet

An 8-bit section of an IP An IP has four octets

Each IP address is made of two components, the _____ and \_\_\_\_

Network ID Host ID

Which part of an IP is the network ID and which is the host ID?

This is determined by the subnet mask. Different hosts will use different parts of the IP address, depending on the subnet mask.

Neither the network ID nor the host ID can be set to \_\_\_\_

All zeros or all ones. That would mean that portion of the IP address would be blank A network ID of all 0s indicates "this network" A host ID of all 1s is a broadcast address.

What information does a DHCP server typically provide clients that connect?

IP adress Subnet mask Defaut gateway (the "door" to the outside world) DNS server address

When a client configured to get its network configuraiton via DHCP boots up, how does it request that a DHCP server provide it with its network configuration?

It sends a broadcast on the network called a DHCP DISCOVER, requesting a DHCP server. The server responds to hte request and fulfills it by returning configuraiton information.

Static IP Addressing

When an administrator assigns a device its IP address.

Why do local networks use private IPs?

The original conception of the Internet was for all devices to have their own, public IP; but we can't possibly do this as we're out of public IPs. Instead we use private IP ranges for private networks. The entire network will share one IP.

NAT

Network Address Translation NAT runs on a router and handles the translation from a private, nonroutable IP address to a public IP address.

Class A address range reserved from private use.

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 16.7 million hosts

Class B address range reserved for private use.

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0 1 million hosts

Class C address range reserved for private use

192.168.0.0 -192.168.255.255 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 65,536 hosts

APIPA

Automatic Private IP Addressing TCP/IP standard used to automatically configure IP based hosts that are unable to reach a DHCP server. This is that 169.254.x.x address you see when not connect to a network. Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0

IPv6 create what sized IP addresses?

128 bit

Instead of dotted-decimal notation, IPv6 uses \_\_\_\_

Hexadecimal notation