Chapter 7 Management and Communication (Leadership)

Question 1

Which of the following terms refers to patient harm that is the result of treatment by the healthcare system rather than from the health condition of the patient?

a. adverse event
b. dire consequence
c. unanticipated event
d. Sentinel event

Answer 1

1. a. Adverse event

APIC Patient Safety

Question 2

The anitbiogram is usually prepared by:

a. Infection Prevention and Control Department
b. Laboratory
c. Pharmacy
d. Information Technology Department

Answer 2

2.
b. Laboratory

APIC Antimicrobial and Resistance Appendix D

Question 3

The Safe Medical Device Act (SMDA) falls under which U.S. federal program?

a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
b. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
c. National institutes of Health (NIH)
d. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s (AHRQ)

Answer 3

3. b. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

APIC Accrediting and Regulatory Agencies

Question 4

The Joint Commission standards for infection prevention and control include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. Collaboration of representatives from relevant components and functions within the organization in the implementation of the program.
b. Effective management of the infection prevention and control program
c. Minimizing the risk for development of an healthcare-associated infection (HAI) through an organization-wide infection prevention program
d. Specific staffing requirements of one infection preventionist (IP) for every 100 beds in the facility

Answer 4

4.
d. Specific staffing requirement of one infection preventionist (IP) for every 100 beds in the facility

APIC - Staffing

Question 5

Each year in the United States, what percentage of hospitalized patients develop HAIs?

a. less than 2 percent
b. 4 percent
c. 10 percent
d. 20 percent

Answer 5

5.
b. 4 percent

see original test answer for rationale

Multi-state point-prevalence survey of HAI

Question 6

Human factor limitation that contribute to errors include:

1) Over dependence on multitasking skills
2) Permanent night shifts
3) Limited memory capacity
4) Stress, fatigue and sensory overload
a. 1,2,3 b. 2,3,4 c. 1,3,4 d. 1,2,4

Answer 6

6.

c. 1,3,4
1) Over dependence on multitasking skills
3) Limited memory capacity
4) Stress, fatigue and sensory overload

APIC Patient Safety

Question 7

The institute for Healthcare Improvement uses the Model for Improvement - a two part model designed to accelerate improvement for healthcare processes and outcomes. What are the key component areas of the model?

1) setting aims, establishing measures, selecting changes
2) Plan - do - study - act
3) Contemplation, action, termination
4) Perceived seriousness and cues to action
a. 1,2 b. 2,3 c. 3,4 d. 1,4

Answer 7

7.
a.1,2

1) setting aims, establishing measures, selecting changes
2) Plan - do - study - act

see study sheet for rational

IHI article on how to improve.

APIC Infection and Prevention and Control Programs
Quality Concepts.

Question 8

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is used to examine adverse events and identify what went wrong and what might prevent it from happening again. Which statement best describes the mode element of FMEA

a. The way of operating or using a system or process, or a way or manner in which a thing is done
b. The results or consequences of an action
c. the detailed examination of the elements or structure of something - perhaps a process, substance or situation
d. Lack of success, nonperformance, nonoccurrence, or breaking down or ceasing to function

Answer 8

8.
a. The way of operating or using a system or process, or a way or manner in which a thing is done

APIC - Patient Safety

Question 9

A number of research studies have examined the relationship between nursing staffing levels and the risk of HAIs in the hospital setting. Which of the following statements has NOT been supported by the literature?

a. Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with lower levels of nurse staffing had an increased risk for VAP
b. The use of non-permanent staff significantly increases a patient’s infection risk
c. A specific evidence-based nurse staffing level benchmark has been determined that is associated with decreased risk for HAI
d. there is a relationship between adequate numbers of direct care providers and the likelihood that CDC guidelines will be followed

Answer 9

9. c. A specific evidence-based nurse staffing level benchmark has been determined that is associated with decreased risk for HAI

APIC Quality Concepts

Question 10

The Director of Infection Prevention and control is leading a process improvement project to decrease the rates of CLABSI in one of the hospital’s ICUs. The multidisciplinary team has discussed multiple process improvement strategies to decrease these bloodstream infections. In developing the final improvement plan, which of the choices below is most likely to help decrease the rates of these infections?

a. performing a gap analysis each month
b. performing a failure mode effect analysis immediately
c. Incorporating the use of a CLABSI bundle and a checklist to ensure all aspects of the plan are followed
d. Perform a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT)

Answer 10

10.
c. Incorporating the use of a CLABSI bundle and a checklist to ensure all aspects of the plan are followed

APIC Quality Concepts

Question 11

The Director of Infection Prevention and Control has been asked to develop a business plan to potentially expand the scope of the organization’s infection prevention program. The objective in developing a business plan for leadership is to:

a. Provide a detailed synopsis for the impact of a new services
b. Demonstrate whether the expanded program will be worth the investment
c. Summarize the infrastructure needs to support an expanded program
d. Analyze program costs during the past 5 years.

Answer 11

11.
b. Demonstrate whether the expanded program will be worth the investment

APIC Infection Prevention and Control Program

Question 12

Which statement about organizational conflict is correct?

a. conflict resolution should focus on people, not issues
b. openness and transparency by management lead to conflict
c. conflict is a natural process within systems and fosters a search for alternatives
d. conflict is an immediate sign of dysfunctional work teams

Answer 12

12.
c. conflict is a natural process within systems and fosters a search for alternatives

APIC Infection Prevention and Control Program

Question 13

The lead IP has proposed using an electronic surveillance system. Senior leadership at the healthcare organization now wants to know what the expected return on this investment will be. What is the IP’s next step?

a. Describe the project cost baseline developed from previous department budgets
b. provide a synopsis of the investment and direct and indirect costs, including factors such as capital expenses, depreciation, and inflation
c. project the impact of the surveillance system on hospital net revenue
d. calculate the amount of time needed to pay back the initial costs of the system

Answer 13

13.
b. provide a synopsis of the investment and direct and indirect costs, including factors such as capital expenses, depreciation, and inflation

APIC Infection Prevention and Control Programs

Question 14

An IP is updating the organization’s infection prevention plan, which includes writing clearly stated goals and objectives. Which of the following statements might she consider including?

a. vaccinate employees and volunteers for influenza every year
b. serve as leader of facility safety rounds as needed
c. achieve a 20 percent improvement in hand hygiene practice in the ED within 30 days
d. collaborate with the laboratory to improve turnaround time for culture results.

Answer 14

14. c. achieve a 20 percent improvement in hand hygiene practice in the ED within 30 days

APIC Education and training

Question 15

The Infection Prevention Manager observes increasing fatigue and burnout among the infection prevention team. What should the manager do first?

a. Contact Human Resources for assistance
b. Gather the team to identify issues and share concerns
c. Initiate a corrective action plan for the group
d. recommend incentives to increase job satisfaction

Answer 15

15.
b. Gather the team to identify issues and share concerns

APIC Education and Training

Question 16

Many external forces can impact the performance of an infection prevention team. Which of the following is NOT and example of an external force?

a. A mandate from the Chief Executive Officer to reduce costs by 8 percent
b. Changes in regulatory and accrediting standards
c. Increasing costs of supplies used for patient isolation
d. Department expenses to support IP certification.

Answer 16

16.
d. Department expenses to support IP certification.

APIC Infection Prevention and Control Program

Question 17

The Director of Infection Prevention and Control has been asked to participate in the organization’s strategic planning. Which of the following might be a strategic goal for Infection Prevention and Control program?

a. implement an electronic surveillance system in the next 3 years
b. fill the vacant IP position int he department within 45 days
c. participate more actively in the organizations Value Analysis Committee
d. Share key HAI reports with senior managers every month

Answer 17

17.
a. implement an electronic surveillance system in the next 3 years

APIC Infection Prevention and Control Program

Question 18

A newly hired infection Prevention Manager is addressing program deficits that occurred during the months the facility sought to fill the vacant position. The new manager must focus on many specific tasks, including working closely with others to clarify roles and responsibilities. This type of management approach is known as:

a. charismatic
b. situational
c. functional
d. motivational

Answer 18

18.
c. functional

APIC Infection Prevention and Control Program

Question 19

19. The manager notices that a novice IP has misapplied the CDC definitions at least 5 times when conducting catheter-associated urinary tract infection surveillance recently. How should the manager respond?
    a. Schedule the IP for additional training and competency-based testing
    b. Speak with the IP to obtain additional information about the situation
    c. use the organization’s disciplinary action process to correct poor performance
    d. refer the IP to employee assistance program for personal counseling

Answer 19

19.
b. Speak with the IP to obtain additional information about the situation

APIC Infection prevention and control program

Question 20

Which of the following milestones indicates that the IP has achieved proficient status according to the APIC Competency Model?

a. after successfully completing his or her Certification in Infection Control
b. Upon obtaining a graduate degree in a healthcare-related field
c. when continuously employed as an IP for more than 2 years
d. after 10 years of experience as the manager of an infection prevention and control program

Answer 20

20.
a. after successfully completing his or her Certification in Infection Control

APIC Competency and Certification of the Infection Preventionist

Question 21

Obstacles for building a culture of patient safety in healthcare include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. assignment of blame on healthcare providers
b. high staff turnover rates
c. lack of resources for needed change
d. placement of accountability on healthcare systems

Answer 21

21.
d. placement of accountability on healthcare systems

APIC Patient Safety

Question 22

Which of the following statements best describes human factors?

a. ability to identify the many and various factors that impact upon a complex situation or event
b. prevention of error and adverse effects to patients associated with healthcare use
c. environmental, organizational, and job elements and human and individual characteristics that influence behavior at work in a way that can affect health and safety
d. the attitudes, beliefs, perceptions and values that employees share in relation to safety

Answer 22

22
c. environmental, organizational, and job elements and human and individual characteristics that influence behavior at work in a way that can affect health and safety

Question 23

When and error does NOT result in an adverse event for a patient because the ERROR was caught, it is called a(n):

a. adverse event
b. no-harm event
c. Near-miss event
d. Error report

Answer 23

23. c. Near-miss event

APIC Patient Safety

Question 24

In 1997, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JTC) mandated the use of root cause analysis to:

a. document instances of medical malpractice
b. predict the occurrence of an incident
c. improve staffing issues
d. investigate sentinel events in accredited hospitals

Answer 24

24.
d. investigate sentinel events in accredited hospitals

APIC Patient Safety

Question 25

The IP initiates a new program to encourage compliance with hand hygiene. One element to the program includes randomly distributing coupons for free coffee to employees who are seen adhering to hand hygiene recommendations. This is an example of which type of power?

a. Coercive
b. Reward
c. Legitimate
d. Exper

Answer 25

25.
b. Reward

APIC Education and Training
APIC Infection Prevention and Control Program