Chapter 7 microbial biochemistry Flashcards
what is the atomic number?
the number of protons
what is atomic mass?
protons + neutrons
what are the three forms of atoms?
- ions
- isotopes
3.molecules
Ions
charged atoms
isotopes
atoms differing in numbers of neutrons
molecules
two or more atoms bonded together
protons
positive charge
neutrons
one neutral (no charge)
Electrons
negative charge
what is a atom that is neutrally charged?
when protons are equal to electrons
what are isomers?
molecules with the same structural formula but different properties (the spatial arrangement of the atom differs)
macronutrients
account for 99% of dry weight of cells/ most abundant elements in cells
1. hydrogen
2. carbon
3. oxygen
4. nitrogen
5. phosphorous
6. sulfur
micronutrients
- sodium (Na)
- potassium (K)
- Magnesium (Mg)
- zinc (Zn)
- Iron (Fe)
- calcium (Ca)
- molybdenum (Mo)
- Copper (Cu)
- cobalt (Co)
- manganese (Mn)
- vanadium (V)
what is the four most abundant elements
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen
C6 H12 O6
formula for glucose, fructose, and galactose
what is the key element in organic chemistry
carbon
organic molecules’ skeleton made out of what?
carbon held by covalent bonds
Hydroxyl functional group
O-H
(alcohols, monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleic acids)
Carboxyl group
-H-O-C –O
(amino acids, proteins, fatty acids)
Amino group
NH2
(amino acids, proteins)
sulfhydryl group
S-H
(amino acids, proteins)
Methyl group
CH3
(methylated compounds such as methyl alcohols and methyl esters)
Phosphate group
PO3H2
(Nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP)
Carbonyl group
O – C
(ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, amides)
