Chapter 7- Nutrition Across the Lifespan

Question 1

Nutrition during pregnancy/lactation

2nd trimester

Answer 1

additional 340 calories per day

Question 2

how many additional calories during 3rd trimester:

Answer 2

additional 450 calories per day

Question 3

How many calories to intake during lactation?

Answer 3

additional 330 calories first 6 months (400 after that)

Question 4

Weight gain expected each trimester

1st trimester

Answer 4

First trimester 1-4 lbs TOTAL

Question 5

weight gain expeced (Second and 3rd trimester)

Answer 5

2-4 lbs per month

Question 6

Total expected weight gain during pregnancy

normal

Answer 6

25-35 lbs

Question 7

Total expected weight gain during pregnancy

underweight

Answer 7

28-40 lbs

Question 8

Total expected weight gain during pregnancy

overweight

Answer 8

15-25 lbs

Question 9

How much fluids should pregnant people intake?

Answer 9

• 2-3 L of fluids a day

- limit caffeine 300mg/day or less

Question 10

folic acid amount during pregnancy

Answer 10

600 mcg to prevent neural tube defects

Question 11

iron rich foods

Answer 11

beans,fish,dairy products, lean red meats,apples

Question 12

foods to avoid during pregancy

Answer 12

avoid fish and shellfish due to mercury level

Question 13

patient teaching for dietary concerns during pregnancy- N/V

Answer 13

eat dry crackers or toast (low-fat carbs). avoid drinking water with meals. Avoid caffeine, fatty food, and spicy food. serve food at room temp or chilled. maintain good oral hygiene

Question 14

patient teaching for dietary concerns during pregnancy- constipation

Answer 14

increase fiber (including cellulose) fluid intake. engage in physical activity

Question 15

patient teaching for dietary concerns during pregnancy- PKU

Answer 15

avoid high protein foods ( meat, fish, poultry, eggs, nuts, dairy products). Monitor phenylketonuria levels during pregnancy

Question 16

what happens to the birth weight?

Answer 16

birth weight doubles by 6 months, triples by 1 year of age

Question 17

when to use breast milk formula?

Answer 17

breast milk (or formula) ONLY for first 4-6 months

Question 18

When should you introduce solid foods to baby?

Answer 18

when baby can sit up and has head control ( iron fortified cereal should be the first solid food introduced)

Question 19

When to introduce new foods to baby?

Answer 19

new foods introduced one at a time over 5-7 days to assess for allergies or intolerance

Question 20

when do you give cow milk?

Answer 20

cow’s milk should only be given after 1 year of age

Question 21

breastmilk

Answer 21

• discard unused breast milk after feeding

- do NOT microwave

Question 22

How long can you store breastmilk?

Answer 22

• store in refrigerator for 5-8 days
• can be frozen for up to 6 months (or 12 months in deep freezer)
• use thawed milk within 24 hours. Do not refreeze thawed milk

Question 23

colic

Answer 23

characterized by persistent crying lasting 3+ hours per day

-resolved by 3 months of age

Question 24

when does colic occur?

Answer 24

• occurs in late afternoon, more than 3 days per week for more than 3 weeks
• crying accompanied by tense abdomen and legs drawn up to belly

Question 25

what do you eliminate during breastfeeding?

Answer 25

cruciferous vegetables, cow’s milk, onion, chocolate

Question 26

lactose intolerant symptoms

Answer 26

symptoms include gas (flatus), abdominal distention, and diarrhea.

Question 27

alternate for lactose baby

Answer 27

soy-based or casein hydrolysate formulas

Question 28

diarrhea caused by what?

Answer 28

rotavirus

Question 29

treatment for diarrhea

Answer 29

Use oral rehydration solutions.

-sport drinks are contradicted

Question 30

dehydration signs

Answer 30

lethargy, sunken eyes, sunken fontanels, decreased tears, decreased urine output, dry mucous membranes

Question 31

choking hazard for kids

Answer 31

popcorn, raisins, peanuts, GRAPES, RAW CARROTS, HOT DOGS, CELERY, PEANUT BUTTER, candy, tough meat.

Question 32

how much juice should you limit for kids?

Answer 32

4-6 oz/day

Question 33

how much milk should you limit for kids?

Answer 33

24 oz

• it has poor source of iron and can displace the intake of iron-rich foods
• vitamin C increases iron absorption

Question 34

eating disorders for adolescenes

Answer 34

anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder usually begin at this age

Question 35

older adults should…

Answer 35

reduce total caloric intake.

-due to decrease in basal metabolic rate that occurs from decrease in lean body mass that develops with aging

Question 36

what is common in older adult?

Answer 36

dehydration

-due to decreased thirst, medication side effects

Question 37

balance diet for adult

Answer 37

• carbs: 45-65%

- fats: 20-35%

Question 38

older adult have decreased in what?

Answer 38

• absorption of B12
• folic acid
• calcium

Question 39

osteoporosis

Answer 39

• decrease in total bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue
• begins at 35

Question 40

treatment for osteoporosis

Answer 40

• Increase intake of calcium and vitamin D
• Engage in weight bearing exercise (swimming is NON-weight bearing)
• Limit alcohol consumption

Question 41

osteoarthritis

Answer 41

causes significant disability and pain in older adult clients
-limit mobility and present difficulty in obtaining and preparing proper foods

Question 42

what can hypertension meds do?

Answer 42

loss in sodium and potassium

Question 43

range for BMI

Answer 43

18.5-24.9