Chapter 7 - Photosynthesis

Question 1

What are organisms that can make their own food called?

Answer 1

Autotrophs

Question 2

Plants convert _____ compounds into ______ compounds

Answer 2

Inorganic, organic

Question 3

What is it called when the peaks of wavelengths line up?

Answer 3

Constructive interference

Question 4

What are the discreet particles of light called?

Answer 4

Photons

Question 5

Photons with short wavelengths have more or less energy?

Answer 5

more

Question 6

Does chlorophyll reflect or absorb green?

Answer 6

reflect

Question 7

What is cartenoid?

Answer 7

An accessory pigment in plants

Question 8

What do the tail and ring of chlorophyll do?

Answer 8

Tail anchors it to the thylakoid membrane; electrons bounce around in the ring

Question 9

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 9

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 10

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

Answer 10

redox

Question 11

Which reactant is being reduced and which is being oxidized during photosynthesis?

Answer 11

CO2 reduced to glucose

H2o oxidized to oxygen

Question 12

What is the range of photosynthesis efficiency?

Answer 12

.1-8%

Question 13

What 4 factors influence photosynthesis efficiency?

Answer 13

frequency of light
tempertaure
CO2 concentration
light intensity

Question 14

Which section of the leaf does photosynthesis occur in?

Answer 14

mesophyll

Question 15

Which photosystem splits water?

Answer 15

Photosystem II

Question 16

Where do the pigments in photosystem II that gave up electrons get replacements from?

Answer 16

H+ from splitting the water

Question 17

What is the Calvin cycle?

Answer 17

light independent reaction of photosynthesis

Question 18

What are the reactants of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 18

CO2
ATP
NADPH

Question 19

What are the products of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 19

Glucose (G3P)
ADP
NADP+

Question 20

What are the 3 basic stages of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 20

1. Carboxylation
2. Reduction
3. Regeneration

Question 21

What are plants that only use the Calvin cycle to fix CO2 called?

Answer 21

C3

Question 22

What is formed when CO2 is fixed to RuBP?

Answer 22

a 6 carbon molecule is formed

Question 23

What are some examples of other molecules G3P can be used to form?

Answer 23

Fatty acids and glycerol for plant oils
glucose phosphate
fructose
starch and cellulose
amino acids

Question 24

What happens when plants do not have enough CO2 so oxygen is fixed instead?

Answer 24

Photorespiration

Question 25

How do C4 plants minimize photorespiration?

Answer 25

They separate CO2 fixation and Calvin Cycle

Question 26

How do CAM plants function differently from others?

Answer 26

Fix CO2 at night so they can close stomata during day

Question 27

When NADPH is oxidized it becomes

Answer 27

NADP+

Question 28

Which two products of the Calvin cycle are recycled back to photosystems II and I

Answer 28

ADP | NADP+

Question 29

Which product of the Calvin cycle is used to make glucose?

Answer 29

G3P

Question 30

Does metabolism create order or disorder?

Answer 30

disorder

Question 31

What is one calorie

Answer 31

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of water by 1 degree C

Question 32

Where do anaerobic pathways start and end?

Answer 32

Gycolysis- cytoplasm

Question 33

Which reactant of cellular respiration is reduced and which is oxidized?

Answer 33

glucose- oxidized to CO2 | O2- reduced to H2O

Question 34

What is the first stage of cellular respiration called?

Answer 34

Glycolysis

Question 35

What is the first step of glycolysis called?

Answer 35

Prepatory(energy-requiring step)

Question 36

What is substrate level phospholyzation

Answer 36

ATP formation without going through electron transport

Question 37

What happens to pyruvate in the preparatory reaction before the krebs cycle?

Answer 37

It is oxidized into 2 carbon acytel groups and CO2 is released

Question 38

What are the reactants of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 38

Acetyl CoA 3 NAD+ FAD ADP

Question 39

What are the products of the krebs cycle?

Answer 39

``` coenzyme A 2 CO2 3 NADH 1 FADH2 1 ATP ```

Question 40

Where do all the carbon molecules in pyruvate go?

Answer 40

CO2

Question 41

About how many ATP does cellular respiration create?

Answer 41

36

Question 42

How many ATP are formed by electron transport

Answer 42

32

Question 43

How many ATP are produced per NADH and FADH

Answer 43

3,2

Question 44

What is the enzyme that forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate?

Answer 44

ATP synthase

Question 45

What is the efficiency of cellular respiration?

Answer 45

38%

Question 46

What are the guardians of the cell cycle called?

Answer 46

Cyclins

Question 47

What is it called when cancer spreads to other parts of the body?

Answer 47

Metastasis

Question 48

What is an ocogene?

Answer 48

A mutated proto-ocogene that promotes the cell cycle and can cause cancer

Question 49

What is it called when new blood vessels form to provide nutrients for cancerous cells?

Answer 49

angiogenisis