Chapter 7: psychosocial development

Question 1

basic emotions

Answer 1

happy, sad, anger, fear, social smiles, laugh, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety

Question 2

recognizing and using other’s emotions

Answer 2

match their own emotions to other’s, social referencing

Question 3

regulating emotions

Answer 3

begins in infancy, look away, move closer to a parent, develop more effective strategies with age, genetics & parenting

Question 4

what is temperament?

Answer 4

consisten mood & response to environment, three dimensions (emotionality, activity, sociability), “personality”

Question 5

types of temperament

Answer 5

easy, difficult, slow to warm up

Question 6

attachment: bonds that endure

Answer 6

emotional bond between one animal/person and another, develops as a result of quality of care

Question 7

how to explain attachment?

Answer 7

psychosexual theory - oral gratification
psychosocial theory - trust vs mistrust
operant conditioning - consequences
cognitive theory - object permanence
ethological theory - survival value

Question 8

types of attachments (4)

Answer 8

secure, avoidant (does not care), resistant-ambivalent (stressed and opposite reactions), disorganized-disoriented (confused)

Question 9

quality of attachment

Answer 9

secure attachments in infancy predict secure attachments in later relationships, role of fathers, adoption, high quality daycare (stimulate 3 domains - physical, cognitive, social/personality)

Question 10

sense of self

Answer 10

self-concept

Question 11

socialization

Answer 11

self regulation, conscience, constructive conflict

Question 12

playing with peers

Answer 12

nonsocial play, parallel play, simple social play, cooperative play