Chapter 14: physical development in adolescence Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

How does puberty happen?

A
  • the hypothalamus signals to the pituitary gland to produce growth hormones
  • sex hormones stimulate primary and secondary sexual characteristics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are primary and secondary sexual characteristics?

A

primary: reproduction system (male: testes, penis, spermache = prostate) + (female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, clit, menarche = vagina)
secondary: unrelated to reproductive capacity (male: shoulders, facial hair) + (breasts, hips)
both = pubic hair, voice change, skin texture, muscular development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what influences the timing of puberty? (4)

A
  • genes (nature)
  • toxins induce (endocrine chemicals, smoking during pregnancy)
  • stress
  • nutrition and physical activity (nurture)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what happens in brain maturation? (5)

A
  • more impulsivity and risk-taking
  • growth matures the frontal lobe last
  • frontal lobes: problem-solving, impulse control, goal setting, planning, emotional regulation
  • limbic and reward centers of the brain are more in control (gas pedal)
  • immature frontal lobes unable to press “gas pedal”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

motor skills and physical activity (3)

A

gross motor: refine skills

fine motor: refine skills

active/fitness: most teens do not exercise enough (+75%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sleep (3)

A
  • 8-10 hours per night (25% get enough)
  • teens stay up late (nurture: homework, screens, socializing + nature: melatonin hormone secreted later)
  • consequences: irritability, mental health, behavioural problems + attention and school performance + injuries and car accidents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nutrition (4)

A
  • irregular eating pattern (increased independence, longer days)
  • fast food (not enough fruits and veggies, too much fat)
  • obesity (causes and consequences)
  • eating disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

factors influencing health (3)

A
  • accidents (risk taking, automobile, drowning, violence, suicide)
  • alcohol and drugs (experimentation common, risk for addiction)
  • eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

puberty, rites of passages into adulthood

A
  • physical transformation, traditions, offerings, prayers, blessings, etc
  • rites: separation from society, transition, acknowledge new status after the completion of the rite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly