Chapter 7 Quiz Flashcards by Bre Weidner

You respond to a patient who is choking on a foreign object. This would indicate that the problem is most likely in the ________ airway.
Select one:

A.
bronchial

B.
upper

C.
alveoli

D.
lower

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Plasma oncotic pressure is created by the movement of which of the following?
Select one:

A.
Contraction of the heart

B.
Large proteins

C.
Constriction of the vessels

D.
Dilation of the vessels

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Stroke volume depends on a series of factors: one is the force the myocardial muscle exerts to move the blood. This is known as:
Select one:

A.
automaticity.

B.
contractility.

C.
afterload.

D.
preload.

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Injuries to the brain and spinal cord, sepsis, and systemic allergic reactions can cause what similar cardiovascular problem?
Select one:

A.
Permeability

B.
Hypertension

C.
Increased SVR

D.
Loss of tone

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A 12-year-old female patient is having an asthma attack after participating in some strenuous activity during recess at school. She’s taken several doses of her own bronchodilator with little relief. Your partner immediately administers oxygen. Providing supplemental oxygen will increase the amount of oxygen molecules carried by the ________ in her blood, helping oxygenate critical organs like the brain.
Select one:

A.
albumin

B.
hemoglobin

C.
white blood cells

D.
plasma

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The basic nutrient of the cell and the building block for energy is:
Select one:

A.
glucose.

B.
protein.

C.
water.

D.
oxygen.

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The seat of respiratory control is found in the:
Select one:

A.
chest.

B.
lungs.

C.
nose.

D.
medulla oblongata.

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The respiratory system moves air in and out; however, to ________ cells, the air that is inhaled must meet up with the circulatory system.
Select one:

A.
hyperoxygenate

B.
perfuse

C.
defuse

d.
register

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A 19-year-old male is reported to have taken too many narcotic pain pills that were prescribed for his recent knee surgery. He is extremely sleepy with very shallow breathing. His color is pale and his SpO2 reading is 84 percent. His body is probably attempting to compensate for his poor level of ventilatory effort by stimulating the respiratory system to increase rate and tidal volume. Normally, respiratory drive is triggered by changing levels of:
Select one:

A.
carbon dioxide.

B.
pH.

C.
oxygen.

D.
glucose.

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Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs via:
Select one:

A.
oncotic pressure.

B.
white blood cells.

C.
plasma.

D.
hydrostatic pressure.

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The disruption of lung tissue by mechanical forces or medical problems can upset diffusion, which is defined as:
Select one:

A.
the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries.

B.
maintaining enough positive pressure in the pleural space to keep the lungs from collapsing.

C.
the ability of the lungs to expand equally during inspiration.

D.
the exchange of gases in the bronchi.

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An infection of the protective covering for the brain and spinal cord is called:
Select one:

A.
encephalitis.

B.
Lou Gehrig’s disease.

C.
meningitis.

D.
multiple sclerosis.

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Which of the following statements provides reasons for the disruption of respiratory control?
Select one:

A.
A structural reason that has caused collapse of the upper and lower airways to block the flow of oxygen to the alveoli can interrupt this control.

B.
Stroke, infection, brain trauma, toxins and drugs, and neurologic disorders can interrupt this control.

C.
A medical, structural, and mechanical failure that has initiated the cascade of life-threatening problems will interrupt this control.

D.
Mechanical failure, soft-tissue damage, obstruction, and lack of perfusion will interrupt this control.

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The metabolism that creates large amounts of carbon dioxide and lactic acid but generates little energy is called:
Select one:

A.
anaerobic.

B.
diffusion.

C.
homeostatic.

D.
aerobic.

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Your patient is an 86-year-old male with congestive heart failure. He called for help tonight because he cannot breathe and feels like he is “drowning in his own lungs.” The patient has had several heart attacks in the past and he tells you his “heart is shot.” What is not a likely reason the patient’s cardiac output is diminished?
Select one:

A.
Less blood fills his heart with each contraction (preload diminished).

B.
The pressure in the system against which the heart must pump is increased (afterload increased).

C.
Chemoreceptors are signaling that he has high levels of carbon dioxide in his bloodstream.

D.
The heart’s force of contraction is reduced (contractility diminished).

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What is a patent airway?
Select one:

A.
An airway that is in need of securing via an oral or nasal pharyngeal airway

B.
A term used by EMS practitioners to indicate that the patient has a secured and opened airway necessary for life

C.
A rigid suction device used to remove fluid and foreign objects from the pharynx to secure the airway

D.
The condition of the patient’s airway at the start of a lifesaving intervention

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What is the best description of the chest’s mechanical functions?
Select one:

A.
The chest is a closed space with only one opening; the trachea, to inspire air; the diaphragm contracts down and the intercostal muscles expand the ribs, causing a negative pressure that fills the lungs with air.

B.
The chest is a closed space, and the pleural space surrounds the lungs; when the diaphragm contracts and the intercostal muscles expand, the chest and lungs move outward and downward, allowing expiration and gas exchange in the lungs.

C.
With the chest being an airtight space, the act of breathing occurs when the the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, which causes the lungs to expand and air to flow into the lungs.

D.
The diaphragm contracts, causing the intercostal muscles that are attached to the lungs to also contract, which moves the air into the lungs.

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An infection of the brain is called:
Select one:

A.
hypoglycemia.

B.
multiple sclerosis.

C.
meningitis.

D.
encephalitis.

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Water that is found in the space between cells and blood vessels is called:
Select one:

A.
intracellular.

B.
interstitial.

C.
hydrostatic.

D.
intravascular.

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Graves’ disease is an example of a condition caused by:
Select one:

A.
too many hormones.

B.
gastrointestinal bleeding.

C.
damage to the medulla oblongata.

D.
adrenal insufficiency.

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You are caring for a 25-year-old male patient who has been shot once in the head. The patient is in extremis (near the point of death) with a noticeable breathing pattern that alternates between no breathing and fast breathing. Your understanding of pathophysiology leads you to believe the breathing pattern may be due to damage to the section of his brain responsible for respiratory control, also known as the:
Select one:

A.
frontal lobe.

B.
thalamus.

C.
medulla oblongata.

D.
cerebellum.

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The pressure that is created within the blood vessels when the heart beats is called:
Select one:

A.
hydrostatic pressure.

B.
osmotic pressure.

C.
oncotic pressure.

D.
hyperstatic pressure.

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Which of the following is not an indicator that a patient’s nervous system has been impaired?
Select one:

A.
Hearing disturbances

B.
Changes in pupil dilation

C.
Pale, sweaty skin

D.
General weakness

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Certain blood vessels that contain specialized sensors that detect the level of internal pressure and transmit messages to the nervous system, which then triggers the smooth muscle in the vessel walls to make any needed size adjustments. These sensors are called:
Select one:

A.
volume receptors.

B.
pressure receptors.

C.
stretch receptors.

D.
chemoreceptors

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The balance between oncotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure is critical to regulating: Select one: A. blood pressure and cell hydration. B. perfusion and proper circulation to the tissues. C. oxygenation and perfusion. D. waste removal and urine.

Not all inspired air reaches the alveoli; 150 mL is stopped in the airway leading to the alveoli. This is called: Select one: A. dead air space. B. vital capacity. C. bronchial air. D. tidal volume.

The movement of ions across the cell membrane is needed to accomplish repolarization. What cell structure is used to prepare for depolarization? Select one: A. Sodium potassium pump B. Mitochondria C. Endoplasmic reticulum D. Nucleus

A decreased number of red blood cells is a condition called: Select one: A. diffusion. B. hypercapnia. C. anemia. D. liver failure.

The most vulnerable part of the cell is the: Select one: A. DNA. B. nucleus. C. membrane. D. mitochondria.

If a hole is created in the chest wall, air could escape or be drawn in, or if bleeding develops within the chest, air and blood can accumulate in the pleural space. This would force the lung to: Select one: A. collapse. B. increase respirations. C. increase the minute volume. D. work harder with minimal problems.

________ blood returns to the right side of the heart. Select one: A. Deoxygenated B. Red C. Oxygenated D. Anemic

A 59-year-old male has suffered a severe laceration from a circular saw while cutting wood in his garage. Upon your arrival, you find the patient sitting on the floor in a pool of blood. He is extremely pale. Based on your knowledge of pathophysiology, you would expect his body to try to compensate for the blood loss in all of the following ways, except: Select one: A. constricted pupils. B. sweaty skin. C. increased respirations. D. increased pulse.

In normal exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to contract the chest, which creates a positive pressure. This is what type of process? Select one: A. Active B. Respiration C. Passive D. Inspiration

Which of the following best defines adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? Select one: A. It is the form of energy produced in the mitochondria and is the cell's internally created fuel responsible for powering all cell function. B. It is the form of energy produced in the endoplasmic reticulum and is the cell's engine responsible for all cell function. C. It is the form of energy that is produced in the mitochondria from glucose and DNA. D. It is the form of energy that is produced in the nucleus from glucose and other nutrients.

Janie is having difficulty breathing. Her current tidal volume is 350 mL, and she is breathing at 28 times per minute. What would be her minute volume? Select one: A. 12.5 mL B. 378 mL C. 342 mL D. 9,800 mL

When carbon dioxide is not exchanged, the net result is high carbon dioxide, a condition called ________, within the body. Select one: A. diffusion B. deoxygenation C. hypercapnia D. oncotic pressure

What substances, when dissolved, separate into charged particles? Select one: A. Electrolytes B. Cations C. Ions D. ATP

The human body is made up of ________ percent water. Select one: A. 7.5 B. 60 C. 17.5 D. 75

Damage to the electrical system of the heart can cause it to beat too fast, a condition called: Select one: A. bradycardia. B. trauma. C. tachycardia. D. heart attack.

Daniel has been performing landscaping on a hot, humid summer day when he suddenly becomes dizzy and feels like he might faint. This disruption of fluid balance is most likely caused by: Select one: A. tachycardia. B. hypotension. C. hyperthermia. D. dehydration.

Our blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells and returns with what byproduct of metabolism? Select one: A. Lactic acid B. Carbolic acid C. Carbon dioxide D. Carbon monoxide

Shock occurs as a result of which of the following? Select one: A. Inadequate perfusion B. C/Q match C. V/Q match D. Adequate perfusion

When the body's water moves from the bloodstream into the interstitial space, this can often be seen as: Select one: A. edema. B. hypovolemia. C. dehydration. D. hydrostatic pressure.

Your patient is a 22-year-old female who accidentally ate some shellfish and is now having a severe reaction. She tells you that the last time she ate shellfish, "They had to put a breathing tube in my throat and I almost died." Her face is starting to swell up and you can hear audible wheezing when she breathes. The chemical that produces edema and narrowing of the airways during hypersensitivity reactions like this is called: Select one: A. histamine. B. serotonin. C. insulin. D. acetylcholine.

What is the type of metabolism that occurs when energy is created with a balance of adequate oxygen and nutrients? Select one: A. Aerobic B. Homeostatic C. Anaerobic D. Hypoxic

You and your EMT partner respond to a local shipping warehouse for a worker who was hit by a falling crate. Upon arrival, you find the man lying on the concrete floor of the facility, alert and oriented but unable to move or even feel his legs below the waist. Based on the mechanism of injury and the symptoms, which of the patient's body systems would you suspect has been impaired? Select one: A. Endocrine system B. Cardiopulmonary system C. Nervous system D. Immune system

The potential space between the lung and chest wall is called the: Select one: A. pleural space. B. lung space. C. carina space. D. dead space.

A patient breathing in room air should be receiving ________ percent oxygen. Select one: A. 5 B. 100 C. 21 D. 16

What is FiO2? Select one: A. The flow rate of gases provided to the patient by mask or nasal cannula B. The concentration of oxygen in our inhaled air, which is referred to as the fraction of inspired oxygen C. The amount of oxygen delivered via an airway adjunct in liters per minute D. The concentration of gases in our expired air, which is referred to as the fraction of used oxygen

What element does the cell need in order to not dehydrate and die? Select one: A. Oxygen B. Water C. Proteins D. Glucose

The sympathetic nervous response causes which of the following to occur? Select one: A. Breathing becomes slower and deeper, blood vessels dilate, heart beats stronger and faster, skin sweats, pupils constrict, and skin becomes pale. B. Breathing becomes faster and deeper, blood vessels dilate, heart beats stronger and slower, skin sweats, pupils dilate, and skin becomes pale. C. Breathing becomes faster and deeper, blood vessels constrict, heart beats stronger and faster, skin sweats, pupils dilate, and skin becomes pale. D. Breathing becomes faster and deeper, blood vessels constrict, heart beats stronger and faster, skins sweats, pupils constrict, and skin becomes warm.

You are on the scene at a local park where a 51-year-old male is reported to be confused and having difficulty walking. Your partner notes that the patient is wearing a bracelet indicating he is diabetic. Upon questioning, the patient is able to report that he has not eaten in 8 hours. Your knowledge of pathophysiology suggests that the patient may be suffering from a diabetic emergency. Glucose is a building block for what form of energy in the cell? Select one: A. ATP B. Mitochondria C. Electrolytes D. Endoplasmic reticulum

The cellular structure that is responsible for synthesizing proteins is the: Select one: A. sodium pump. B. nucleus. C. mitochondria. D. endoplasmic reticulum.

In Type 1 diabetes, which gland does not secret enough of the hormone insulin? Select one: A. Pituitary B. Thyroid C. Pancreas D. Adrenal glands

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common ________ disorders. Select one: A. endocrine B. digestive C. cardiac D. neurological

What do chemoreceptors found in the body and vascular system measure? Select one: A. High oxygen and high carbon dioxide B. Low oxygen and high carbon dioxide C. High oxygen and low carbon dioxide D. Low oxygen and low carbon dioxide

What is the correct order of air flow from the nose to the alveoli in the lungs? Select one: A. Mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, hypopharynx, trachea, mainstem bronchi, crania, alveoli B. Nose, hyperpharynx, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, trachea, mainstem bronchi, bronchi, alveoli C. Nose, pharynx, hypopharynx, epiglottis, trachea, crania, mainstem bronchi, alveoli D. Nose, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Production of energy occurs in what part of the cell? Select one: A. Potassium pump B. Nucleus C. Mitochondria D. Endoplasmic reticulum

The net result of respiratory challenges is low oxygen, also called ________, within the body. Select one: A. hypoxia B. hypovolemia C. hypoperfusion D. hypertension

In the normal drive to breathe, chemoreceptors are stimulated by: Select one: A. high carbon dioxide. B. high oxygen. C. diffusion. D. low carbon dioxide.

The volume of air that is moved in and out of the chest in a normal breath cycle is called: Select one: A. vital capacity. B. inspiration. C. tidal volume D. expiration

Digestive disorders can seriously impact nutrient transfer and: Select one: A. hydration levels. B. insulin levels. C. the immune response. D. neurological function.

You are called to a kindergarten class where a boy has fallen while climbing on playground equipment. The teacher saw him fall and hit his stomach on a step. He is sobbing and holding his abdomen. As you assess him, you find his skin cool and moist to the touch, his pulse is 132, and his respiratory rate is 28. Why is the boy acting this way? Select one: A. He is embarrassed and is afraid that the other students will make fun of him. B. He possibly has wet his pants and does not want anyone to know. C. He possibly has internal injuries and is in shock. D. He is really upset and wants his mother.

The process by which glucose and other nutrients are converted into energy is called: Select one: A. depolarization. B. metabolism. C. absorption. D. respiration.

When a person has an exaggerated response to a body invader, the person is said to have: Select one: A. an antibody reaction. B. a histamine dump. C. hyposensitivity. D. hypersensitivity.

Chapter 7 Quiz Flashcards

(65 cards)