Chapter 7 - Respiratory Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
Functions of the Respiratory System
A
- Inhale fresh air into lungs
- Exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide
- Exhale stale air
2
Q
Organs of the Respiratory System
A
Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial Tubes Lungs
3
Q
aer/o
A
air
4
Q
alveol/o
A
alveolus; air sac
5
Q
anthrac/o
A
coal
6
Q
atel/o
A
incomplete
7
Q
bronch/o; bronchi/o
A
bronchus
8
Q
bronchiol/o
A
bronchiole
9
Q
coni/o
A
dust
10
Q
diaphragmat/o
A
diaphragm
11
Q
epiglott/o
A
epiglottis
12
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx
13
Q
lob/o
A
lobe
14
Q
nas/o; rhin/o
A
nose
15
Q
muc/o
A
mucus
16
Q
orth/o
A
straight; upright
17
Q
ox/o; ox/I
A
oxygen
18
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx
19
Q
pleur/o
A
pleura
20
Q
pneum/o; pneumon/o
A
lung; air
21
Q
pulmon/o
A
lung
22
Q
sept/o
A
wall
23
Q
sinus/o
A
sinus; cavity
24
Q
spir/o
A
breathing
25
trache/o
trachea; windpipe
26
tuss/o
cough
27
–capnia
carbon dioxide
28
–osmia
smell
29
–phonia
voice
30
–plegia
paralysis
31
–pnea
breathing
32
–ptysis
spitting
33
–spasm
involuntary muscle contraction
34
–thorax
chest
35
Cells of body require constant gas exchange for?
1. Delivery of oxygen
| 2. Removal of carbon dioxide
36
Respiratory system subdivisions:
1. Ventilation
2. Inhalation
3. Exhalation
37
Ventilation is?
Flow of air between outside environment and lungs
38
Inhalation is?
Flow of air into lungs that brings fresh oxygen into air sacs
39
Exhalation is?
Flow of air out of lungs that removes carbon dioxide from body
40
External Respiration
* Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in lungs
* Gases diffuse in opposite directions
* Oxygen leaves air sacs and enters blood stream
* Carbon dioxide leaves blood stream and enters air sacs
41
Internal Respiration
* Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at cellular level
* Oxygen leaves bloodstream and is delivered to tissue (used immediately for metabolism)
* Carbon dioxide (waste product of metabolism) leaves tissue and enters bloodstream
42
Cilia
* Small hairs line opening to nasal cavity
| * Filter out large dirt particles before they can enter lungs
43
Walls of nasal cavity and nasal septum
* Made of flexible cartilage
| * Covered with mucous membrane
44
Mucus
* Thick & sticky secretion of membrane
* Cleanses air by trapping dust and bacteria
* Membrane covers most of respiratory tract
45
Capillaries in mucous membrane function?
* Warm air
| * Humidify air
46
Paranasal sinuses
* Located within facial bones
* Echo chamber for sound production
* Gives resonance to voice
47
Vocal Cords
* Glottis folds of membranous tissue
* Not actually cord-like in structure
* Vibrate to produce sound as air passes through opening between folds
48
Glottis
Folds of membranous tissue. Vocal cords. Vibrate to produce sound.
49
Trachea
* Tube composed of smooth muscle & cartilage rings
* Lined with mucous
* Membrane and cilia that assists in cleansing; warming; and moisturizing air as it travels to lungs
50
The bronchial tree
Each main bronchus enters a lung; then branches into smaller and smaller primary bronchi; secondary bronchi; and bronchioles ending at alveoli
51
Alveoli
* Bronchiole terminations
| * Approx 150 million in each lung
52
Bronchioles
* Narrow branches from bronchi
| * Terminate at alveoli
53
Respiratory Membrane
* Where external respiration takes place
| * Formed from alveoli wall & capillary wall
54
Pulmonary capillaries
Encase each alveolus
55
Pleura
Parietal & visceral layers in chest cavity with serous fluid between
56
Parietal pleura
Outer membrane that lines wall of chest cavity
57
Visceral pleura
Inner membrane that adheres to surface of lungs
58
Pleural cavity
Folded pleura to form a sac around each lung
59
Serous fluid
Between two pleural layers reduces friction when two layers rub together during ventilation
60
Pulmonary Function Tests
* Measure actual volume of air flowing in and out of lungs
| * Determine lung capacity
61
Respiratory therapist
*Measures lung volumes through pulmonary function tests
62
Diaphragm
* Muscle that separates abdomen from thoracic cavity
* Contracts and moves down into abdominal cavity
* Causes decrease of pressure; negative pressure; within chest cavity
* Air then enters lungs (inhalation) to equalize pressure
63
Intercostal muscles
* Located between ribs
* Raise rib cage to further enlarge thoracic cavity *Increases negative pressure
* Assists with forceful inhalation
64
Unforced exhale results when?
* Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
* Thoracic cavity becomes smaller
* Creates positive thoracic pressure
* Air flows out of lungs to equalize pressure
65
For forceful exhale:
* Use additional chest and neck muscles to further decrease size of thoracic cavity
* Create greater positive pressure
66
Respiratory Rate
* One of the vital signs (VS)
| * Dependent on level of CO2 in blood
67
When CO2 level is high we?
We breathe more rapidly to expel excess CO2 when?
68
If CO2 levels drop?
Respiratory rate will also drop until CO2 builds up in bloodstream
69
Vital signs (VS)
Respiratory rate; heart rate; temperature & blood pressure
70
Hypoxia
Condition of insufficient oxygen
71
Pyothorax
Pus in the chest (cavity)
72
Pansinusitis
Inflammation of all sinuses
73
Tachypnea
Breathing too fast
74
Apnea
Without breathing
75
Pneumoconiosis
Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
76
Atelectasis
Incomplete dilation (collapsed)
77
Pneumonia
Lung condition
78
Laryngoscope
Instrument to visually examine larynx
79
Laryngoscopy
Process of visually examining the larynx
80
Oximeter
Instrument to measure oxygen
81
Oximetry
Process of measuring oxygen
82
Thoracentesis
The needle is inserted between the ribs to withdraw fluid from the pleural sac at the base of the left lung.
83
Endotracheal
Pertaining to within the trachea
84
Lobectomy
Surgical removal of a lobe (of the lung)
85
Thoracocentesis
Puncture to withdraw fluid from the chest
86
Cardiopulmonary
Pertaining to the heart and lungs
