chapter 7 skeletal system

Question 1

the human skeleton is initially what

Answer 1

cartilages and fibrous membranes

Question 2

what cartilage is most abundant in the body

Answer 2

Hyaline cartilage

Question 3

what age is the body completely ossified

Answer 3

By age 25 the skeleton is completely hardened

Question 4

how many bone in human body

Answer 4

206 bones make up the adult skeleton (20% of body mass)

Question 5

how many bone in appendicular skeleton

Answer 5

126 bones

Question 6

how many bones axial skeleton

Answer 6

80 bones

Question 7

classification of bones

Answer 7

Long Bones,Short Bones, Including Sesamoid bones or round bones, Flat Bones and Irregular Bones

Question 8

function of bones

Answer 8

support and protect softer tissue, provide points of attachment for muscle, house blood-producing cells, and inorganic salts

Question 9

what is epiphysis

Answer 9

ends of a long bone
Distal
Proximal

Question 10

what is diaphysis

Answer 10

-shaft of a long bone

Question 11

what is Metaphysis

Answer 11

widening part of the bone between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

Question 12

what is compact bone

Answer 12

(cortical bone)-tightly packed cells found in diaphysis

Question 13

what is spongy bone

Answer 13

(cancellous bone)- many branching bony plates found in epiphysis

Question 14

what is articular cartilage

Answer 14

hyaline cartilage found on articulating surface

Question 15

what is periosteum

Answer 15

tough outer covering of bone composed of dense connective tissue

Question 16

what is endosteum

Answer 16

thin membrane of bone forming cells

Question 17

what is medullary cavity

Answer 17

cavity containing marrow in the diaphysis of a long bone

Question 18

what is trabeculea

Answer 18

branching bony plates that separate irregular spaces within spongy bone

Question 19

what is bone marrow

Answer 19

Red marrow and yellow marrow

Question 20

what kind of marrow is found in spongy bone

Answer 20

Red marrow

Question 21

what dose red bone marrow produce

Answer 21

red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 22

what kind of marrow is found in diaphysis

Answer 22

Yellow marrow

Question 23

what dose yellow marrow store

Answer 23

fat

Question 24

mature bones are called

Answer 24

osteocytes

Question 25

Osteocytes transport what

Answer 25

nutrients and wastes

Question 26

extracellular matrix of bone is largely what

Answer 26

collagen and inorganic salt

Question 27

what gives bone resilience

Answer 27

Collagen

Question 28

what gives bone hardness

Answer 28

Inorganic salts

Question 29

what is osteon

Answer 29

basic units in compact bone tissue (sometimes called Haversian systems)

Question 30

what is central canal

Answer 30

contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 31

what is osteocytes | what is perforating canal

Answer 31

Volkmann’s canal)- contain blood vessels and nerves and connect central canals of osteons\

Question 32

what is osteocytes

Answer 32

maintains bone once it’s formed

Question 33

what is lamellae

Answer 33

concentric layer of matrix in bony tissue

Question 34

what is lacunae

Answer 34

small chamber or cavity

Question 35

what is bone matrix

Answer 35

composed of collagen and inorganic salts

Question 36

what is Canaliculi

Answer 36

passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes

Question 37

Spongy bone extracellular matrix is laid down in what

Answer 37

trabeculae

Question 38

what bone originates within sheet-like layers of connective tissue go through

Answer 38

Intramembranous Ossification

Question 39

what kind of bones are intramembranous ossification

Answer 39

clavicles, sternum, and some facial bones | Flat bones of th e skull

Question 40

what kind of cartilage starts out through the body

Answer 40

hyaline cartilage

Question 41

what kind od ossification dose the body start out through

Answer 41

Endochondral

Question 42

what happens when blood calcium is low | and what kind of feedback

Answer 42

Bone Resorption – action of osteoclasts and parathyroid hormone positive feedback

Question 43

what happens blood calcium is high | what kind of feedbeack

Answer 43

Bone Deposition – action of osteoblasts and calcitonin | negative feedback

Question 44

deficiencies of vitamin A

Answer 44

retards bone development

Question 45

deficiencies of vitamin C

Answer 45

results in fragile bones

Question 46

deficiencies of vitamin D

Answer 46

rickets, osteomalacia

Question 47

Insufficient Growth Hormone causes

Answer 47

Insufficient Growth Hormone – dwarfism

Question 48

Excessive Growth Hormone before closure of the epidhyseal

Answer 48

gigantism

Question 49

Excessive Growth Hormone after closure of the epidhyseal

Answer 49

acromegaly

Question 50

what hormone delays bone growth

Answer 50

Thyroid

Question 51

bone formation in sex hormones dose what

Answer 51

promote

Question 52

in sex hormone ossification is what

Answer 52

epiphyseal plate

Question 53

physical stress dose what to bone growth

Answer 53

stimulates

Question 54

Blood Cell Formation is what and occurs in what

Answer 54

Also known as hematopoiesis | Occurs in the red bone marrow

Question 55

Most abundant salt is

Answer 55

Calcium Phosphate

Question 56

condition that results from loss of bone mineral

Answer 56

Osteoporosis

Question 57

axial skeleton is composed of what

Answer 57

Skull Hyoid bone Thoracic cage vertebral column

Question 58

Appendicular Skeleton is composed of what

Answer 58

Pectoral girdle Upper limbs Pelvic girdle Lower limbs