Chapter 7 The Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Industrial revolution

Answer 1

• started in Britain
• started with textile factories
• complex machines
• new power replaced human and animal
• spread quickly

Question 2

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 2

Improved methods of farming

Question 3

Charles Townshend

Answer 3

crop rotation (turnips)

Question 4

Jethro Tull

Answer 4

seed drill

Question 5

Enclosure

Answer 5

taking over and fencing off peasant land= larger and more efficient

Question 6

Enclosure results

Answer 6

• profits higher

- urbanization

Question 7

Urbanization

Answer 7

jobless peasants move to cities to become machine operators

Question 8

Industrial revolution changes

Answer 8

• factory work different
• rural life disappearing
• new inventions = lower death rate

Question 9

Population explosion

Answer 9

120 million to 190 million in 30 years

Question 10

why the population exploded

Answer 10

• death rates went down
• birth rates rose
• agricultural revolution decreased famine
• better hygiene and medical care = fewer deaths from disease

Question 11

__________ moved machines in factories until the ____________

Answer 11

water wheel; steam engine

Question 12

James Watt

Answer 12

steam engine

Question 13

using natural resources =

Answer 13

pollution

Question 14

6 reasons the industrial revolution began in Britain (factors that lead the way)

Answer 14

• Human Resources
• natural resources
• new technology
• stable government and good social conditions
• stable economy
• better transportation

Question 15

Most vital resources to the industrial revolution

Answer 15

Coal and iron

Question 16

Capital

Answer 16

Money used to invest in enterprises

Question 17

Enterprise

Answer 17

A business organization in an are such as shipping, mining, railroads, and factories

Question 18

Entrepreneurs

Answer 18

those who managed and assumes the financial risks of starting a new business

Question 19

How did population explosion contribute to demand for consumer goods?

Answer 19

the more people, the more demand for goods

Question 20

How did general economic prosperity contribute to the demand for consumer goods?

Answer 20

People make more money, people buy more

Question 21

Putting out system

Answer 21

cottage industry; raw cotton is distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread, then wove thread into cloth in their own homes

Question 22

John Kay

Answer 22

flying shuttle

Question 23

James Hargreaves

Answer 23

spinning Jenny

Question 24

Richard Arkwright

Answer 24

water frame

Question 25

Eli Whitney

Answer 25

inventor of the cotton gin

Question 26

what is a factory and what is the effect?

Answer 26

places that brought together workers and machines to produce large quantities of goods

Question 27

Turnpikes

Answer 27

private roads built by entrepreneurs with a toll fee

Question 28

Robert Fulton

Answer 28

steam boat

Question 29

2 reasons the railroad was important to the industrial revolution

Answer 29

1) ship goods cheaply over land | 2) allowed tracks to go places rivers didn't

Question 30

George Stephenson

Answer 30

Steam locomotive (preferred use of transportation)

Question 31

First major railroad in England

Answer 31

Liverpool to Manchester

Question 32

"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times."

Answer 32

Charles Dickens

Question 33

Tenement

Answer 33

Multistory buildings divided in apartments

Question 34

Labor unions

Answer 34

Workers' organizations

Question 35

Describe early industrial cities

Answer 35

Extremely dirty, no sanitation, garbage in streets Lead to cholera and diseases

Question 36

What is different from farm work and factory work?

Answer 36

- 12-16 hour work days - monotonous - rigid schedule - unsafe (accidents/injuries were common) - breathing dirty air

Question 37

why prefer women workers

Answer 37

- pay them less | - easier to manage

Question 38

Why did factories use child labor?

Answer 38

- could fit in narrow mine shafts - quick little fingers for textiles they were known as "slaves to the machine" beaten if idle and they were uneducated

Question 39

Who is Patience Kershaw

Answer 39

a little girl who told her story. she shocked Britain and helped cause the "Factory Acts" which helped reform employment of children in mines and factories

Question 40

Luddites

Answer 40

- textile workers who hated technology & machines - smashed machines - burnt factories - they were hung or sent to Australia

Question 41

John Wesley

Answer 41

founded Methodism

Question 42

Methodism

Answer 42

- give hope and confidence to working class - Sunday school gave education for children - encouraged adopting sober, moral ways

Question 43

Who benefited from the industrial revolution?

Answer 43

Entrepreneurs

Question 44

What were the reforms made?

Answer 44

- labor unions legalized - working class men gained the right to vote - education

Question 45

Benefits of the industrial revolution

Answer 45

- created jobs - wealthy middle class - wages rose - labor unions won right to bargain - reformers improved working conditions

Question 46

Challenges of industrial revolution

Answer 46

- crowded cities - pollution - struggle for survival in slums - harsh working conditions in factories and mines - child labor

Question 47

Adam Smith

Answer 47

- capitalism | - free market to regular businesses

Question 48

Thomas Malthus

Answer 48

- overpopulation - food supply would run out - war, disease, and famine are good

Question 49

David Ricardo

Answer 49

- wage increases are unnecessary - higher wages lead to more kids which then leads to lower wages again - poverty in a never ending cycle

Question 50

Jeremy Bentham

Answer 50

- actions should be judged by one's utility | - only some government involvement

Question 51

John Stuart Mill

Answer 51

-full government involvement

Question 52

Robert Owen

Answer 52

-created a perfect utopia with a classless society but failed

Question 53

Karl Marx

Answer 53

-father of communism

Question 54

Utilitarianism

Answer 54

The idea that the goal of society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number"

Question 55

Socialism

Answer 55

the people as a whole rather than individuals

Question 56

communism

Answer 56

Theory- | Reality-

Question 57

Proletariat

Answer 57

Karl Marx's word for working class

Question 58

Social democracy

Answer 58

Political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism