Chapter 7: The Respiratory System

Question 1

Nasal Passage

Answer 1

Passage from the nostrils to the back of the throat through which air air enters the body; serves to warm, moisten, and clean incoming air; lined with ciliated cells and mucus-secreting cells.

Question 2

Pharynx

Answer 2

Connects the mouth and the nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus. Serves as the passageway for air into the respiratory system and for food and water into the digestive system.

Question 3

Epiglottis

Answer 3

Flap of cartilage located over the entrance to the trachea. Closes during swallowing to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract.

Question 4

Glottis

Answer 4

The opening of the trachea through which air enters the larynx.

Question 5

Larynx

Answer 5

Contains the vocal cords.

Question 6

Trachea

Answer 6

Tube that carries air rom the nasal passages or mouth to the lungs. Also known as the windpipe.

Question 7

Bronchi

Answer 7

The passageway that branches from the trachea into the lungs, with one bronchus carrying air into each lung.

Question 8

Bronchiole

Answer 8

The passageway that branches from the bronchi into the separate lobes of lungs. Divides into smaller and smaller passageways that carry air into all portions of the lungs.

Question 9

Alveoli

Answer 9

The gas exchange structure. This is where gases are exchanged to go into the blood and come out of the blood.

Question 10

Pleural Membrane

Answer 10

Double-layered membrane that encloses the lungs.

Question 11

Respiratory System

Answer 11

The system responsible for gas exchange (bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide from the body).

Question 12

Diaphragm

Answer 12

A muscle layer that separates the region of the lungs (thoracic cavity) from the region of the stomach and liver. Contraction contributes to inspiration by increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity.

Question 13

Rib Muscle (Intercostal Muscle)

Answer 13

Found between and along the inside surface of the ribs, extending down to the diaphragm. As a group, work with the diaphragm to move air in and out of the lungs.

Question 14

Inhalation

Answer 14

Movement of air into the lungs during breathing.

Question 15

Exhalation

Answer 15

Movement of air out of the lungs during breathing.

Question 16

Spirograph

Answer 16

A graph representing the amount of air that moves into and out of the lungs with each breath.

Question 17

Tidal Volume

Answer 17

Volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled in a normal breathing movement when the body is at rest.

Question 18

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 18

Additional volume of air that can be taken in by the lungs beyond a regular or tidal inhalation.

Question 19

Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 19

Additional volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs, beyond a regular or tidal exhalation.

Question 20

Vital Capacity

Answer 20

The total volume of gas that can be moved in or out of the lungs. Equal to the tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume.

Question 21

Residual Volume

Answer 21

Amount of gas that remains in the lungs and the passageways of the respiratory system even after a full exhalation.

Question 22

External Respiration

Answer 22

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood. Takes place in the lungs.

Question 23

Internal Respiration

Answer 23

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body’s tissue cells and the blood.

Question 24

Tonsillitis

Answer 24

Inflammation of the tonsils most often cause by a viral infection. If inflammation is frequent tonsils can be removed.

Question 25

Laryngitis

Answer 25

Inflammation of the larynx resulting in huskiness or loss of the voice, harsh breathing, and a painful cough.

Question 26

Bronchitis

Answer 26

Bronchi become inflamed and fill with mucus. The mucus is expelled by coughing. Chronic bronchitis is incurable. Most common cause is smoking.

Question 27

Pneumonia

Answer 27

When the alveoli in the lungs become inflamed and fill with liquids. This interferes with gas exchange, and the body becomes stared for oxygen.

Question 28

Pleurisy

Answer 28

A lung disorder that is caused by the swelling and irritation of the pleura, the membranes that surround the lungs.

Question 29

Emphysema

Answer 29

The walls of the alveoli break down and lose their elasticity. This reduces the surface area for gas exchange and causes oxygen shortages in the tissues.

Question 30

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 30

Disrupts the cells lining the passageways of the lungs. Causes the mucus to become thick and sticky leading to breathing problems.

Question 31

Asthma

Answer 31

Obstructive lung disease that affects the bronchi and bronchioles, making difficult or impossible because of reduced air.

Question 32

Lung Cancer

Answer 32

Uncontrolled and invasive growth of abnormal cells in the lungs.

Question 33

Carcinogen

Answer 33

Cancer-causing agent.

Question 34

Carcinoma

Answer 34

Malignant (likely to grow and spread) tumour.