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MCAT Chemistry > Chapter 7: Thermochemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Thermochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what is an isolated system

A

exchange neither matter nor energy with environmentw

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2
Q

what is a closed system

A

exchange energy but not matter

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3
Q

what is an open system

A

exchange both energy and matter

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4
Q

what is an isothermal process

A

constant temperature

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5
Q

what is an adiabatic process

A

exchange no heat with the environment

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6
Q

what is an isovolumetric process

A

constant volume

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6
Q

what is an isobaric process

A

constant pressure

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7
Q

what are state functions

A

describe physical properties of an equilibrium state and are pathway independent

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8
Q

what are THE state functions

A

pressure, density, temp, volume, enthalpy, internal energy, entropy, gibbs free energy

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9
Q

what are standard conditions

A

298 K 1 atm 1 M

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10
Q

what is fusion

A

melting from solid to liquid

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11
Q

what is freezing

A

from liquid to solid

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12
Q

what is vaporization

A

liquid to gas

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13
Q

what is condensation

A

gas to liquid

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14
Q

what is sublimation

A

solid to gas

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15
Q

what is deposition

A

gas to solid

16
Q

what is the critical point

A

temperatures above critical point liquid and gas phases are indistinguishable

17
Q

what is the triple point

A

all three phases of matter exist in equilibrium

18
Q

what is temperature

A

scaled measure of average kinetic energy of a substane

19
Q

what is heat

A

transfer of energy that results from difference of temperature

20
Q

what is enthalpy

A

measure of the potential energy of a system found in intermolecular attractions and chemical bonds

21
Q

what is Hess’s law

A

states that total change in potential energy is equal to the changes in potential energies of individual steps of the process

22
Q

how can you calculate enthalpy

A

heats of formation, bond dissociation energy, heat of combustion

23
Q

what is entropy

A

measure of the degree to which energy has been spread throughout a system

24
Q

what is the ratio of entropy

A

heat transferred /1 mole/ 1 K

25
Q

when is entropy max

A

at equilibrium

26
Q

what is gibbs free energy

A

derived from enthalpy and entropy; dependent on temp

27
Q

equation for first law of thermodynamics

A

U = Q - W

28
Q

Equation for heat transfer

A

q = mc(delta T)

29
Q

Equation of heat transfer during. phase change

A

q = mL

30
Q

Equation for enthalpy of reaction

A

delta H = H prod. - H react.

31
Q

equation for entropy

A

S = Qrev / T

32
Q

Equation for second law of thermo.

A

delta S = S system + S surround

33
Q

Equation for standard entropy of reaction

A

delta S = (sum of) S prod. - (sum of) S react.

34
Q

equation for Gibbs

A

delta G = Delta H - T(delta S)

35
Q

Equation for gibbs using Keq

A

-RTln(keq)

36
Q

Equation for gibbs using Q

A

RT ln ( Q/Keq)

MCAT Chemistry (12 decks)

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