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MCAT Chemistry > Chapter 9: Solutions > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Solutions Flashcards

1
Q

what are solutions

A

homogenous mixtures of two or more substances

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2
Q

what is solvation

A

solvent particles surround solute particles via electrostatic interactions

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3
Q

what is solubility

A

maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a given solvent at a given temperature

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4
Q

what is the complex ion affect

A

formation of complex ions increases solubility of otherwise insoluble ions

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5
Q

what is percent composition by mass

A

mass of solute per mass of solution times 100

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6
Q

what is the mole fraction

A

mole of solute/total moles solution

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7
Q

what is molarity

A

moles solute / liter solution

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8
Q

what is molality

A

moles of solute / Kg of solvent

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9
Q

what is normality

A

number of equivalents / liter of solution

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10
Q

what is the solubility product constant (Ksp)

A

equilibrium constant for dissociation reaction

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11
Q

if IP (ion product) > Ksp

A

solution is super saturated and a precipitate forms

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12
Q

If IP (ion product) < Ksp

A

solution is undersaturated and if more solute is added it will dissolve

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13
Q

If IP (ion product) = Ksp

A

solution is saturated

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14
Q

what is the formation/stability constant (Kf)

A

equilibrium constant for complex formation

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15
Q

why does the formation of a complex ion increase solubility

A

increases solubility of other salt containing the same ion because it uses up the products of those dissolution reactions shifting equilibrium to the right

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16
Q

what is the common ion effect

A

decreases solubility of a compound in a solution that already contains one of the ions in the compound

17
Q

what are colligative properties

A

physical properties of solutions that depend on the concentration of dissolved particles but not on their chemical identity

18
Q

what is Raoults law

A

presence of other solutes decreases the evaporation rate of a solvent wo affecting its condensation rate thus decreasing its vapor pressure

19
Q

what is the freezing point depression and boiling point elevation

A

shifts in phase equilibria dependent on the molality of the solution

20
Q

what is osmotic pressure

A

primarily dependent on molality

21
Q

what is the van’t Hoff Factor (i)

A

used in freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure calculations

22
Q

what is equation for dilution

A

Mi Vi = Mf Vf

23
Q

what is ion product equaiton

A

IP = [A^n+]^m [B^m-]^n

24
Q

what is the equation for Raoults law

A

Vapor pressure solvent A = Xa *(vapor pressure solvent A in pure state)

25
Q

what is equation for boiling point elevation

A

delta Tb = iKb m
Kb = proportionality constant of solutionw

26
Q

what is equation for freezing point depression

A

delta Tf =iKfm

27
Q

what is equation for osmotic pressure

A

osmotic pressure = iMRT

MCAT Chemistry (12 decks)

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