Chapter 7: Visual Analysis Flashcards
A-B Design
Two phases.
Pretreatment baseline condition (A).
Treatment condition (B).
Affirmation of the Consequent
When the IV is implemented, the level of the data points (a dimension of the behavior) will change.
Ascending Baseline
From low to high.
Bx is already changing.
Only implement the IV at this time if you’re targeting a bx of decrease
Baseline
Condition where IV is not present.
Data obtained are the basis for determining effects of the IV.
Baseline Logic
Refers to experimental reasoning inherent in single-subject designs.
3 elements: prediction, verification, replication.
Component Analysis
Does one IV (treatment), within the treatment package impact the DV more so than another?
Confounding Variable
Variables that cannot be controlled or accounted for that impact the DV.
Dependent Variable
The behavior that is being observed for changes due to the presence of the IV.
Descending Baseline
A data path that shows a decreasing trend in the response measure over time.
The behavior is already changing.
Experimental Control
Clear data showing the IV directly changes the DV. When a predictable change in the behavior can be reliably produced by the systematic manipulation of some aspect of the individual’s environment.
AKA Functional Relations
Experimental Design
The particular type of sequence of conditions in a study so that meaningful comparisons of the effects of the presence and absence (or different values) of the IV can be made.
External Validity
The intervention demonstrates a similar impact on other individuals, other settings, or other behaviors outside of the original experiment.
Extraneous Variable
Any aspect of the experimental setting that must be held constant to prevent unplanned environmental variation.
Ex: Lighting, temperature
Independent Variable
The intervention that is being implemented to impact the DV.
Internal Validity
The experiment demonstrates that the IV impacts the DV and the DV is not controlled by confounding variables.
Non-Parametric Analysis
Does the presence or absence of the IV impact the DV?
Ex: Does the bx increase or decrease when Bobbi is on medication versus when she is off medication?
Parametric Analysis
How much of the IV is needed to impact the DV?
Ex: In the hospital setting, what level of dosage of a pain reliever does it take for Bobby to stop crying from being in pain?
Practice Effects
Improvements in performance resulting from the opportunities to perform a behavior repeatedly so that the baseline measures can be obtained.
Prediction
If the IV is not implemented, the behavior will continue on a similar patters to the baseline.
Ask: Is our data stable? If so, you can make an accurate prediction.
Research Question
What the researcher wants the experiment to answer.
Replication
Implementing the IV for a second time demonstrates that there is a functional relationship between the IV and the DV.
Single Subject/Case Design
A research design that involves repeatedly measuring an individual’s behavior under different environmental conditions to compare the effects of variables, using the individual as their own control.
Stable Baseline
No ascending or descending trend.
All the values of the DV are falling within the same small range.
Steady State Responding
A pattern of responding that exhibits relatively little variation in its measured dimentional quantities over a period of time.
