Chapter 7 Vocab Set 31-61

Question 1

membrane bone formation. they type of bone formation that only occurs in certain skull bones when bone forms in the fibrous tissue membranes that cover the brain in a developing fetus.

Answer 1

intramembranous bone formation

Question 2

the cranial portion of the dorsal body cavity, formed from several skull bones that houses and protects the brain. also the reference point for the directional term cranial.

Answer 2

cranium

Question 3

fractures through the weaker growth/epiphyseal plates that are common in young animals

Answer 3

epiphyseal fractures

Question 4

bone that are longer than they are wide. Most of the limb bones, such as the humerus, femur, and radius

Answer 4

long bone

Question 5

small bones shaped like a small cube or marshmallow. Examples: carpal and tarsal bones

Answer 5

short bones

Question 6

bones that are relatively thin and flat. They consist of two thin plates of compact bone separated by a thin layer of cancellous bone. Example: skull bones, scapulae, pelvic bones

Answer 6

flat bones

Question 7

a bone whose shape does not fit into the long, short or flat categories. Either have characteristics of more than one of the other categories or have a truly irregular shape. Examples: vertebrae, skull bones (such as the sphenoid bone) and sesamoid bones

Answer 7

irregular bone

Question 8

the shoulder blade; the most proximal bone of the thoracic limb. In domestic animals, no bony connection exists between this and the axial skeleton

Answer 8

scapula

Question 9

the bones of the spine

Answer 9

vertebrae

Question 10

bones present in some tendons where they change direction markedly over joints. Act as bearings over the joint surfaces, allowing powerful muscles to move the joints without the tendons wearing out as they move over the joints

Answer 10

sesamoid bones

Question 11

the kneecap; the largest sesamoid bone in the body, Located on the front surface of the stifle joint in the tendon of the large quadriceps femoris muscle. It rides in trochlea of the femur.

Answer 11

patella

Question 12

the healing tissue between the ends of a fractured bone that is eventually replaced by true bone as the fracture heals

Answer 12

callus

Question 13

the soft material that fills the spaces inside bones
yellow- consists primarily of adipose connective tissue. most common type of marrow in adult animals. can revert to red if necessary
red- is hematopoietic tissue, forms red blood cells. More common bone marrow in young animals

Answer 13

bone marrow—and its two types: yellow and red

Question 14

the area of a bone that joins the head with the main portion of the bone

Answer 14

neck

Question 15

a spheroidal articular surface on the proximal end of a long bone; present on the proximal ends of the humerus, femur, and ribs. The head of a bone is joined to the shaft by an area that is often narrowed- the neck

Answer 15

head

Question 16

a large, rounded articular (joint) surface. Example: distal end of the humerus, femur, and on the occipital bone of the skull where the skull joins the spinal column to attach the head to the neck

Answer 16

condyle

Question 17

a flat articular surface, locations: between carpal/tarsal bones, between the radius and ulna, vertebrae

Answer 17

facet

Question 18

a general name for a lump, bump, or other projection on a bone. Can be either articular processes, which contribute to joint formation, or nonarticular processes, which as usually sites where tendons attach— the larger the process, the more powerful the muscular pull on that area of the bone

Answer 18

process

Question 19

a hole in a bone. Usually something passes through it in a bone but an exception is the large obturator foramina of the pelvis.

Answer 19

foramen

Question 20

a depressed or sunken area on the surface of a bone. Fossae are usually occupied by muscles or tendons

Answer 20

fossa

Question 21

the bones along the central axis of the body; composed of the skull, the hyoid bone, the spinal column, the ribs, and the sternum

Answer 21

axial skeleton

Question 22

the bones of the limbs (appendages)

Answer 22

appendicular skeletons

Question 23

bones formed in soft organs (viscera). Examples: os penis in the penis of a dog, the os cordis in the hearts of cattle, and the os rostri in the snouts of swine.

Answer 23

visceral skeleton

Question 24

the collective name of the 37/38 bones of the head. The most complex part of the skeleton. Houses the brain and all the special sense organs.

Answer 24

skull

Question 25

the immovable fibrous joints that unite most of the skull bones; also known as synarthroses

Answer 25

sutures

Question 26

a skull bone; one of the external bones of the face. Lower jaw that is connected to the rest of the skull by a freely movable synovial joint. Only movable skull bone. Houses all of the lower teeth. In dogs, cats, and cattle, the two halves of this bone are separate bones joined by a cartilaginous mandibular symphysis at the rostral end

Answer 26

mandible

Question 27

a freely movable joint; also known as a diarthrosis that connects the mandible (lower jaw) to the rest of the skull

Answer 27

synovial joint

Question 28

a single bone that forms the caudoventral portion/base of the skull. Most caudal skull bone. It is where the spinal cord exits the skull and it is the skull bone that articulates (forms a joint) with the first cervical (neck) vertebra

Answer 28

occipital bone

Question 29

the large hole in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord exits the skull

Answer 29

foramen magnum

Question 30

articular surfaces that join with the frist cervical vertebra (atlas) to form the atlantooccipital joint (connects the head with the neck)

Answer 30

occipital condyles