Midterm #2 Practice Exam

Question 1

The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system is

Answer 1

acetylcholine

Question 2

The parasympathetic nervous system nerves are also known as the

Answer 2

cranio-sacral system

Question 3

white matter is made up of

Answer 3

myelinated axons

Question 4

The “all-or-nothing” principle means

Answer 4

an entire neuron depolarizes to its maximum strength.

Question 5

The medulla oblongata is part of the

Answer 5

brainstem

Question 6

the stretch reflex is an example of a

Answer 6

monosynaptic ipsilateral reflex arc.

Question 7

a ganglion is a

Answer 7

cluster of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 8

Gyri and sulci are found on the surface of the

Answer 8

cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 9

Which clinical sign is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system stimulation?

Answer 9

reduced heart rate

Question 10

Many excitatory neurotransmitters usually cause __ influx so that the postsynaptic membrane moves toward threshold and depolarization can begin a new nerve impulse.

Answer 10

sodium ion

Question 11

A depolarized neuron has

Answer 11

high potassium and high sodium ion concentration inside the cell membrane.

Question 12

Which one of the following cranial nerves is a pure sensory nerve?

Answer 12

CN I

Question 13

A terminal bouton is found

Answer 13

at the end of the telodendron

Question 14

Which cranial nerve is responsible for perception of light and vision?

Answer 14

CN II

Question 15

A reflex arc originates from the/a

Answer 15

sensory receptor

Question 16

In the spinal cord the small gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent glial cells are called

Answer 16

nodes of Ranvier

Question 17

How many total cranial nerves are there?

Answer 17

24. Pairs-12

Question 18

The part of the CNS that contains the hypothalamus is the

Answer 18

diencephalon

Question 19

Nerve cells receive stimuli or impulses through

Answer 19

dendrites

Question 20

An example of an action controlled by the somatic nervous system is

Answer 20

turning the head

Question 21

The space between a neuron and a target cell is called the

Answer 21

synapse

Question 22

The fight-or-flight response to an emergency situation is a specific function of the

Answer 22

sympathetic nervous system

Question 23

The basic, functional units of the nervous system are

Answer 23

neurons

Question 24

Afferent nerve fibers carry sensations

Answer 24

toward the CNS

Question 25

Which one of the following neurotransmitters is inhibitory only?

Answer 25

gamma-aminobutyric acid

Question 26

Many neurotransmitters are broken down by

Answer 26

enzymes

Question 27

When the patellar ligament is tapped, what type of reflex causes the quadriceps muscle to contract, producing a small kick?

Answer 27

stretch reflex

Question 28

The three catecholamine neurotransmitters are

Answer 28

norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine.

Question 29

In a healthy animal, if you shine a light in one eye what should happen?

Answer 29

the pupils of both eyes should constrict

Question 30

The efferent processes of a nerve cell are the

Answer 30

axons

Question 31

The spinal cord is a

Answer 31

caudal continuation of the brainstem.

Question 32

The connective tissue layer that lies directly on the surface of the brain and spinal cord is the

Answer 32

pia mater

Question 33

What type of reflex causes the extensor muscles on one limb to contract when the flexor muscles on the opposite limb contract?

Answer 33

crossed extensor reflex

Question 34

The most primitive part of the CNS is the

Answer 34

brainstem

Question 35

What is the result of a normal palpebral reflex?

Answer 35

A light tap on the medial canthus of the eye produces a blink of its eyelid.

Question 36

Saltatory conduction occurs when a nerve impulse

Answer 36

travels from one node of Ranvier to the next node.

Question 37

The centers of higher learning and intelligence are found in the

Answer 37

cerebrum

Question 38

The radiographic procedure that uses a radiopaque dye injected into the space just beneath the arachnoid membrane to highlight areas of spinal cord compression is

Answer 38

myelography

Question 39

What keeps many drugs from readily passing from the blood into the brain?

Answer 39

blood-brain barrier

Question 40

The period during which a neuron that has generated a nerve impulse cannot generate another is called the

Answer 40

refractory period

Question 41

A repolarized neuron has

Answer 41

high potassium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high sodium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.

Question 42

The part of the CNS that contains the corpus callosum is the

Answer 42

cerebrum

Question 43

Nerve fibers is another name for

Answer 43

axons

Question 44

The largest part of the brain is the

Answer 44

cerebrum

Question 45

A polarized neuron in its resting state has

Answer 45

high sodium ion concentration on the outside of the cell membrane and high potassium ion concentration on the inside of the cell membrane.

Question 46

A somatic reflex involves

Answer 46

skeletal muscle contraction

Question 47

The part of the CNS that controls coordinated movement, balance, and posture is the

Answer 47

cerebellum

Question 48

Hypermetria results from injury to the

Answer 48

cerebellum

Question 49

The hole running through the center of the spinal column is the

Answer 49

central canal

Question 50

Example of a flat bone

Answer 50

Frontal skull bone

Question 51

Example of a sutural bone

Answer 51

Skull bone

Question 52

Example of a short bone

Answer 52

Carpal

Question 53

Example of an irregular bone

Answer 53

vertebra

Question 54

Example of a sesamoid bone

Answer 54

patella

Question 55

Example of a long bone

Answer 55

femur