Final Exam Prep Flashcards
(173 cards)
1
Q
The two portions of the male urethra are the
A
pelvic and penile portions
2
Q
Another name for the capsule of the testis is the
A
tunica albuginea
3
Q
_____ found on bighorn sheep, bison, and many other bovine, are two-part structures. An interior of bone (also an extension of the skull) is covered by an exterior sheath grown by specialized hair follicles, as are your fingernails. With most animals they never shed and continue to grow throughout the animals life
A
Horns
4
Q
The corpus luteum produces which hormone that is necessary for pregnancy to be maintained if fertilization takes place
A
progesterone
5
Q
The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs across
A
two layers of simple squamus epithelium
6
Q
Internal constancy of the body
A
homeostasis
7
Q
Which species of animal has an os penis
A
canine
8
Q
Glands that release their secretions through ducts
A
exocrine
9
Q
Which species is an induced ovulator
A
feline
10
Q
Which animals don’t have seminal vesicles
A
dogs and cats
11
Q
The vas deferens is a continuation of the
A
tail of the epididymis
12
Q
What two structures does the vas deferens connect
A
urethra and epididymis
13
Q
The cervix is located between the
A
uterine body and the vagina
14
Q
If no pregnancy begins during an estrous cycle, when does the corpus luteum degenerate
A
late diestrus
15
Q
_____ a directional term meaning toward the tip of the nose
A
rostral
16
Q
The xyphoid process is found
A
at the caudal end of the sternum
17
Q
The maturation and storage site for the immature spermatozoa is the
A
epididymis
18
Q
If the diploid chromosome number of an animal is 38 (cat), what is the diploid number of its offspring
A
38
19
Q
The corpus hemorrhagicum is formed under the influence of
A
LH
20
Q
_______ the outer covering of the body, consisting of the skin and all of its related components, such as nails, hair, hooves and horns
A
integument
21
Q
Inside a mature follicle an oocyte sits on a mound of cells called the
A
cumulus oophorus
22
Q
The usual site for fertilization of a mature female gamete by a mature male gamete is in the
A
oviduct
23
Q
A uniparous animal
A
Gives birth to one offspring per pregnancy
24
Q
On average, how often are oocytes replaced in the ovaries
A
never
25
The male gonads are the
testes
26
The primary endocrine cells of the testes are the
interstitial cells
27
One of the typical signs of a Sertoli cell tumor may be
gynecomastia
28
The tube that receives the penis during breeding is the
vagina
29
The thin membrane that is tightly adhered to each testis and the structures of the spermatic cord is the
visceral vaginal tunic
30
The navicular bone is another name for the_____ bone in horses
distal sesamoid
31
Splint bones in horses are
vestigal metacarpal bones
32
What structure adjusts the position of the testes relative to the body according to the environmental temperature
cremaster muscle
33
The coffin bone in horses is the
distal phalanx
34
The nasal septum separates
the left nasal passage from the right nasal passage
35
What type of tooth grows continually throughout the life of an animal
aradicular hypsodont teeth
36
The scrotum is a
sac of skin
37
Cowper's glands are another name for the
bulbourethral gland
38
Which animal is diestrous
female canine
39
The full diploid chromosome makeup of a male animal is
2n, XY
40
The rising level of which hormone induces spontaneous ovulation
LH
41
Which hormone produced by the ovary prepares the uterus for implantation and pregnancy
progesterone
42
the opening to the larynx is called the
glottis
43
the sigmoid flexure of the penis is characteristic of all the animals below except the
stallion
44
Most of the volume of a mature follicle is made up of the fluid-filled
antrum
45
The female reproductive organs are suspended from the dorsal part of the abdominal wall by the
broad ligaments
46
If the CO2 level in blood rises above a preset limit, how will the respiratory center adjust the breathing to compensate
increase rate and depth of respiration
47
the thickest layer of the uterus is made up of
smooth muscle
48
the only accessory reproductive gland in canines is the
prostate gland
49
Where is the nucleus of the spermatozoa located
head
50
The bands that attach the penis to the pelvis are the
crura
51
The species of animals that "tie" after the male has ejaculated is the
canine
52
Spermatogenesis takes place in the
seminiferous tubules
53
The majority of the volume of semen is composed of
alkaline secretions from accessory reproductive glands
54
Which hormone stimulates the primary endocrine cells of the testes
LH
55
Which part of the spermatozoa contains digestive enzymes
acrosome
56
Meiosis occurs
only in reproductive cells
57
During which stage of the estrous cycle do estrogen levels reach their peak
estrus
58
The female gametes are
ova
59
The septa from the __ extend into the soft tissue of the testis, dividing each testis into tiny lobules
tunica albuginea
60
The nurse cells to young spermatids are the
sertoli cells
61
Which hormone produced by the ovary is responsible for preparing a female for breeding and pregnancy
estrogren
62
In which species will you find an os penis
canine
63
In the dog, the cytology of the epithelial lining of the __ can be utilized to determine the most effective time to breed a female canine
vagina
64
Which accessory reproductive gland secretes a mucinous fluid that lubricates the urethra for passage of semen
bulbourethral gland
65
If the diploid chromosome number for an animal is 44 (rabbit), what is the haploid number of its gametes
22
66
Glands that release their secretions through ducts
exocrine
67
In species that don't deposit semen directly into the uterus where does ejaculation deposit the semen
upper portion of the vagina
68
Capacitation is the term for
the changes spermatozoa undergo in the female reproductive tract
69
Humans and _____ have approximately the same period of pregnancy, 9 months
cattle
70
Intromission
insertion of a penis into the vagina
71
Another name for a difficult birth
dystocia
72
Where does milk accumulate when milk letdown has occurred
gland sinus and teat sinus
73
The acrosome of the spermatozoa contains
digestive enzymes
74
The rapid mitosis the occurs while the fertilized ovum is moving toward the uterus is
cleavage
75
When during pregnancy do body tissues, organs, and systems develop
during the second trimester of pregnancy
76
How many quarters of a bovine udder share one milk-secreting system
none
77
Which type of placental attachment is seen in cattle and sheep
cotyledonary
78
What three compounds must interact to begin uterine contractions
estrogen, oxytocin, prostaglandin F2-alpha
79
The milk-secreting units of the mammary gland are the
alveoli
80
Which species of animal has mammary glands only in the inguinal region
equine
81
There is often a normal short delay between when a newborn starts nursing and when milk starts freely flowing from the teat because of a delay in the action of
oxytocin
82
Which type of placental attachment is seen in pigs and horses
diffuse
83
the period of pregnancy for dogs and cats is approximately
2 months
84
Rabbit gestation period
1 month
85
Hamster gestation
3 weeks
86
Sheep gestation
5 months
87
In addition to the corona radiata, a spermatozoon must also pass through the __, a thick gel that surrounds the ovum, to fertilize the ovum
zona pellucida
88
Sexual stimuli in the male results from high levels of _____ in the female
estrogen
89
A plancentome consists of an area on the surface of the placenta called the
cotyledon
90
lactaction begins
towards the end of the third trimester of pregnancy
91
Most of the hormones from the __ are involved in some way with mammary gland growth and development
anterior pituitary gland
92
The acrosome of the spermatozoa is found
covering the head of the spermatozoa
93
The difference between milk and colostrum is that colostrum has
a higher level of antibodies
94
A pronucleus has a
haploid chromosome number
95
The multilayered, fluid-filled, membranous sac that develops around an embryo is the
placenta
96
A placentome consists of an area on the lining of the uterus called the
caruncle
97
The blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood to the developing fetus is the
umbilical vein
98
How many placental sacs surround a fetus during its development
2
99
During what stage of labor is the fetus delivered
second stage
100
In order for passive immunity to be transferred from mother to offspring, the newborn must have colostrum within
a few hours after birth
101
Copulation results in the release of_____ a hormone, from the posterior pituitary gland
oxytocin
102
The streak canal connects the_____ to the outside
teat sinus
103
When does an embryo become a fetus
during the second trimester of pregnancy
104
Which type of placental attachment is seen in dogs and cats
zonary
105
The return of the uterus to its nonpregnant size after giving birth is called_____ of the uterus
involution
106
The part of the placenta that attaches to the uterus is the
chorion
107
As soon as an ovum is fertilized it is called a
zygote
108
The umbilical cord connects the
fetus to the placenta
109
What is the maximum number of spermatozoa that can enter an ovum to fertilize the ovum?
1
110
Spermatozoa are transported to the oviducts in just minutes due primarily to
uterine contractions
111
What stage of zygote development implants in the uterus?
blastocyst
112
Which two species deposit semen directly into the uterus during ejaculation
equine and porcine
113
Lactation is started under the influence of
prolactin, growth hormone, and adrenal cortex hormones
114
Implantation occurs in the _____ of the uterus
endometrium
115
Which type of placental attachment is most likely to give rise to a retained placenta
cotyledonary
116
During what stage of labor is the placenta delivered
third stage
117
An embryotomy is performed on a/an
dead fetusG
118
How long does the passive immunity a newborn receives from its mother last
unknown
119
Which membrane of the placenta forms a sac immediately around the fetus
amnion
120
An erect penis has
more blood entering erectile tissue from arteries than leaving through veins
121
During what stage of labor do the placental sacs rupture
second stage
122
During what stage of labor does the cervix relax
first stage
123
Which stage of labor is characterized by strong uterine and abdominal muscle contractions
second stage
124
The urachus carries fluid from the fetal urinary bladder to the
allantoic sac
125
Which type of placental attachment is characterized by attachment sites called placentomes
cotyledonary
126
One of the typical clinical signs of a Sertoli cell tumor may be
gynecomastia
127
The granulosa cells in a developing follicle
produce estrogen
128
What species of animal has short spines covering the glans of the penis?
feline
129
The female gonads are the
ovaries
130
The majority of the volume of semen is composed of
alkaline secretions from accessory reproductive glands
131
The tail of the spermatozoa is used for
propulsion
132
Many sensory nerve endings are found in the _____ of the penis
glans
133
In which animal is the right kidney more heart shaped than bean shaped
horse
134
Phonation in an animal begins in the
larynx
135
Two fibrous connective tissue bands attached to the arytenoid cartilages that stretch across the lumen of the larynx and vibrate as air passes over them.
vocal cords
136
Subdivision of the lung
lobe
137
The main expiratory muscles are the
internal intercostal muscles and the abdominal muscles
138
______ is a soft rubber or plastic tube that is passed through the larynx and into the trachea to establish an open airway
endotracheal
139
The upper respiratory tract includes all structures
outside the lungs
140
The largest air passageways in the lungs
bronchi
141
The most rostral of the laryngeal cartilages. It projects forward from the ventral portion of the larynx and its bluntly pointed tip usually tucks up behind the caudal rim of the soft palate when an animal is breathing
eipglottis
142
The space between each tracheal ring is composed of
smooth muscle
143
The process of drawing air into the lungs
inspiration
144
The hilus is found
on the medial surface of each lung
145
The acceptable range of pH in most animals is
7.35-7.45
146
The_______cartilage helps form the support of the caudal portion of the larynx
cricoid
147
The nasopharynx sits ______ to the oropharynx in a standing animal
dorsal
148
The opening into the larynx
glottis
149
If an animal breathes in 500 milliliters with each resting breath and takes 15 breaths per minute, how many liters has the animal inspired and expired in 1 minute
7.5
150
The trachea splits into two bronchi at the
bifurcation
151
In a relaxed shape the diaphragm assumes a dome shape with
the convex surface facing in a cranial direction
152
Which of these species is most prone to asthma attacks
feline
153
The flow of oxygen from inspired air into an alveolar capillary is dependent on the
PO2 in the alveoli being higher than the PO2 in the capillary
154
Tracheal collapse is often seen
with inspiratory dyspnea
155
The tracheal rings are composed of
hyaline cartilage
156
The unconscious act of breathing is controlled by the respiratory center in the
brainstem
157
When the external intercostal muscles contract, they rotate the ribs
upward and forward
158
The three main condition functions of the nasal passages are
warming, humidifying, and filtering air
159
Microscopic thin walled sac surrounded by a network of capillaries in the lungs
alveolus
160
Spasmodic contractions of the diaphragm accompanied by sudden closure of the glottis
hiccups
161
How are the lungs of a pig divided
Three left lobes, four right lobes
162
Two of the cartilages of the larynx forming the boundaries of the opening into the larynx
arytenoid cartilages
163
The voice box
larynx
164
The thin, dome-shaped sheet of muscle that forms the boundary between the thoracic and abdominal cavities
diaphragm
165
The vocal cords are composed of
fibrous connective tissue
166
A component of the fluid that lines the alveoli in the lungs helping to reduce the surface tension of that fluid which helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing shut as air moves in and out during breathing
surfactant
167
The position of the esophagus in relation to the trachea as it travels down the neck is
to the left of the trachea
168
Antitussives are best used to treat a
nonproductive cough
169
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood in the capillaries all over the body and the cells and tissues of the body
internal respiration
170
Which thoracic structure would you find outside the mediastinum
lungs
171
The ciliated epithelium that lines the trachea has a layer of_____on top of it to trap foreign debris
mucus
172
A nasal meatus is created by the
turbinates
173
Sinuses are outpouchings of the
nasal passages
