Chapter 8-10 Flashcards
Sperm cell
A. Binary Fission
B. Mitosis
C. Meiosis
C
Epithelial cell of the intestinal lining
A. Binary Fission
B. Mitosis
C. Meiosis
B
Two chromosomes, one derived from each parent, that have the same gene sequences but that may carry different versions of those genes is called A. Sister chromatids B. A homologous pair C. A heterologous pair D. Complementary chromosomes
B
True or False: Each of your parents contributes exactly half of the genetic material that makes up your personal genome.
False … Little bit more comes from mother
Phases of Meiosis:
• A cleavage furrow forms, resulting in haploid nuclei. Each chromosome contains two chromatids
Telophase 1
Phases of Meiosis:
• Tetrads form, and crossing over occurs
Prophase 1
Phases of Meiosis:
• One duplicated copy of each chromosome lines up at the spindle equator
Metaphase 2
Phases of Meiosis:
• Four haploid daughter cells are created
Telophase 2
Phases of Meiosis:
• Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles
Anaphase 1
Phases of Meiosis:
• Sister chromatids separate
Anaphase 2
Phases of Meiosis:
• Tetrads (homologous pairs) line up at the spindle equator
Metaphase 1
Phases of Meiosis:
• Chromosomes in haploid nuclei condense and prepare for separation
Prophase 2
Achondroplasia (dwarfism) is a dominant single gene disorder. Of the following, which is the best reason for why the unaffected children of two affected parents do not need to worry that they will pass this disorder on to their progeny?
A. Their family has already met the statistical probability quota for incidence of this disease
B. Dominant disorder are very uncommon in the population
C. Achondroplasia has a tendency to skip a generation
D. Because they are not affected, they know that they have the homozygous recessive genotype, and thus they have no dominant alleles to pass on
D
A homozygous round squash is crossed with a homozygous flat squash. All of their immediate offspring (F1 generation) are oblong in shape. When these oblong F1 squash are crossed together, the phenotypic ratio of their offspring is 1 round : 2 oblong : 1 flat. What type of inheritance controls this trait
A. Classic dominant-recessive inheritance
B. Polygenic inheritance
C. Codominance
D. Incomplete Dominance
D
In which of the following example does the environment NOT factor into the final phenotype of the individual A. Skin color B. Risk for cancer C. Color blindness D. Alcoholism
C
Which of the following terms refers to the situation where a single phenotypic characteristic is determined by the additive effects of two or more genes? A. Incomplete Dominance B. Codominance C. Pleiotropy D. Polygenic inheritance E. Sex-linked inheritance
D … Poly = many genes
Why are X-linked disorders more common in men than in women?
A. Men acquire two copies of the defective gene during fertilization
B. Men need to inherit only one copy of the recessive allele for the condition to be fully expressed
C. Women simply do not develop the disease, regardless of their genetic composition
D. The sex chromosomes are more active in men than in women
B
A post transcriptional modification made to mRNA that removes nonsense stretches of the message A. DNA Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. RNA splicing E. Genetic code
D
The process of converting the message written in mRNA codons to a specific amino acid sequence A. DNA Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. RNA splicing E. Genetic code
C
The process of using an existing molecule of DNA as a template for synthesis of a new strand of DNA A. DNA Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. RNA splicing E. Genetic code
A
3 base mRNA nucleotide triplets that each correspond to a specific amino acid A. DNA Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. RNA splicing E. Genetic code
E
The process of converting the message written in DNA nucleotides to mRNA nucleotides A. DNA Replication B. Transcription C. Translation D. RNA splicing E. Genetic code
E
The enzyme that adds DNA nucleotides to a DNA template called \_\_\_\_, and the enzyme that adds RNA nucleotides to a DNA template is called \_\_\_\_. A. Helicase ... Topoisomerase B. DNA polymerase ... RNA polymerase C. RNA polymerase ... DNA polymerase D. DNA polymerase ... DNA ligase
B
True or False: Enzymes located within the nucleus often add 200 or more Adenine nucleotides to the end of an mRNA transcript before it is exported to the cytoplasm.
True
