chapter 8

Question 1

sometimes called corporate culture, is defined as the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.

Answer 1

organizational culture

Question 2

a formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates an organization’s members so that they can work together to achieve the organization’s goals.

Answer 2

organizational structure (2)

Question 3

consist of all of the activities an organization uses to manage its human capital, including staffing, appraising, training and development, and compensation.

Answer 3

human resource practices

Question 4

It reflects the extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization.

Answer 4

person organization (P-O)

Question 5

explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization, as may be put forth by the firm’s founders or top man-agers.

Answer 5

espoused values

Question 6

values and norms actually exhibited in the organization.

Answer 6

enacted values

Question 7

narrative based on true events, which is repeated–and sometimes embellished upon-to emphasize a particular value.

Answer 7

story

Question 8

person whose accomolishments embody the values of the orga-nization.

Answer 8

hero

Question 9

the activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization’s life.

Answer 9

rites and rituals

Question 10

object or action that represents an idea or quality.

Answer 10

symbol

Question 11

defined as the pro-
cess by which people learn the values, norms, and required beheviors that permit them to participate as members of an organization.

Answer 11

organizational socialization

Question 12

has an internal focus and values flexibilitv rather than stability and control.

Answer 12

clan culture

Question 13

has an external focus and values flexibility.

Answer 13

adhocracy culture

Question 14

has a strong external focus and values stability and con-trol.

Answer 14

market culture

Question 15

has an internal focus and values stability and control over flexibility.

Answer 15

hierarchy culture

Question 16

as a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

Answer 16

organization

Question 17

effort, the coordination of individual efforts into a group or organization-wide effort.

Answer 17

coordinated effort

Question 18

also known as work specialization, is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people.

Answer 18

division of labor

Question 19

unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization’s reason for being.

Answer 19

common purpose

Question 20

chain of command, is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time.

Answer 20

hierarchy of authority

Question 21

defined as one with an organizational structure with few or no levels of middle manage ment between top managers and those reporting to them.

Answer 21

flat organization

Question 22

which an employee should report to no more than one manager in order to avoid conflicting priorities and demands.

Answer 22

unity of command

Question 23

refers to the number of people reporting directly to a given manager.

Answer 23

span of control

Question 24

refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources.

Answer 24

authority

Question 25

managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them.

Answer 25

accountability

Question 26

the obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you.

Answer 26

responsibility

Question 27

the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy.

Answer 27

delegation

Question 28

important decisions are made by higher-level managers.

Answer 28

centralized authority

Question 29

important decisions are made by middle-level and supervisory-level managers.

Answer 29

decentralized authority

Question 30

a box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization’s official positions or work specializations.

Answer 30

organization chart

Question 31

concerned with designing the optimal structures of accountability and responsibility that an organization uses to execute its strategies.

Answer 31

organizational design

Question 32

has authority centralized in a single person, a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work spe cialization.

Answer 32

simple structure

Question 33

people with similar occupational specialies ere put together in formal groups.

Answer 33

functional structure

Question 34

people with diverse occupational specialties are put together in formal groups by similar products or services, customers or clients, or geographic regions.

Answer 34

divisional structure

Question 35

group activities around similar products or services.

Answer 35

product divisions

Question 36

tend to group activities around common customers or clients.

Answer 36

customer divisions

Question 37

group activities around defined regional locations. Exam-ple: This arrangement is frequently used by government agencies.

Answer 37

geographic divisions

Question 38

an organization combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures–vertical and hori-zontal.

Answer 38

matrix structure

Question 39

also called a team-based design, teams or workgroups, either temporary or perma-nent, are used to improve collaboration and work on shared tasks by breaking down Internal boundaries.

Answer 39

horizontal structure

Question 40

a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members, linked by information technology, come together to collaborate on common tasks.

Answer 40

boundaryless organization

Question 41

often called the network
structure, the organization has a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to vendors who can do them cheaper or faster

Answer 41

hollow structure

Question 42

firm assembles product chunks, or modules, provided by outside contractors.

Answer 42

modular structure

Question 43

an organization whose members are geographically apart, usually working with e-mail and other forms of information technology, yet which generally appears to customers as a single, unified organization with a real physical location.

Answer 43

virtual structure