chapter 8 Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is autobiographical memory?
Which type of memories does it depend on?
It is the memories we hold about ourselves and our relationship with the world around us
Depends on episodic and semantic memory
What are the different components of autobiographical memory?
Spatial (where the event occured, emotional (how did you feel), sensory (smells, what you saw, etc.)
When is the parahippocampal and hippocampus active?
What memories are parahippocampal associated with?
What memories are the hippocampus associated with?
When you talk about yourself
ex. you respond better to pictures you took yourself compared to looking at pictures someone else took
parahippocampal focuses on visual spacial memories
episodic memory recollection
What is the reminiscence bump?
It is the idea that memory is strong for recent events and events from adolescents and early adulthood
ex. At 50 years old you’ll remember things from 15 better than at 40
What is the self image hypothesis?
It is the idea that memory is better for events that occur in a person’s self image or when their identity is being formed
ex. “I remember I felt very pretty…”
What is the cognitive hypothesis?
It is when memories are easier to encode when it envolves a period of rapid change, followed up by stability
ex. those who immigrated countries remember things quite well
What is the cultural life script?
Culturally expected timelines and events for a person
based on real life, also what is advertised in movies
ex. get driver’s license at 16, graduate at 22, get married at 27, etc.
What is the relation between emotions and memories?
Emotional memories are easier to remember
What are flashbulb memories?
Memories we can recall with extreme vividness and detail
they are highly emotional
-not always accurate, more likely when the person has been personally affected by the event, confidence doesn’t assure accuracy
What is repeated recall?
It is the ability to determine if memories have changed overtime by getting participants to recall an event twice at different times after it occured
What is the relation between repeated recall and flashbublb memories?
Repeated recall has found that flashbulb memories aren’t always accurate
they can be inaccurate or lacking in detail
Why are flashbulb memories stronger?
Flashbulb memories might be easier to remember because they are highly emotional events which triggers the amygdla
they also might just be well rehearsed memories
emotional events are usually important events
Are emotional pictures easier to remember?
Emotional images are easier to remember than neutral images
What is the constructive nature of memory?
A person’s memory is made up of info that has been encoded plus knowledge (semantic memories), experiences (episodic memory), and expectations
memory is encoded and then are retrieved
What happened with the Bartlett’s “War of the Ghosts”?
What
What is source monitering?
It is the process of determing where are memories, knowledge, or beliefs came from
What are some source monitoring errors?
Sometimes we mistaken where the source comes from, this is known as source misattributions
What is cryptomnesia?
It is unconscious plagarism
ex. people create songs that sound too similar to other ones
some times we believe we came up with something when it’s actually something we encountered before
What happened during the becoming famous overnight experiment?
Participants read a list of famous names and non famous names, after a 24 hour delay participants were tested again and incorrectly said non famous names where famous
ex. Heard “Bill Smith” and said it was famous
What is the illusion of truth effect?
It is when the more you hear something, you are more likely to believe it as true
What is making inferences?
Memory is affected by inferences people make based off knowledge or past experiences
memory is sometimes implied
What are pragmatic inferences?
It is when information presented leads a person to assume something that isn’t stated
What is a schema?
Are schemas good for our memory?
knowledge about ourselves in connection to the world around us
ex. classroom, work, etc.
Schemas can help and hurt memory
-u can use knowledge from past to fill in gaps
What is a script?
a series of events and actions that occur based on the specific experience
ex. going to a restaurant, going to the dentist