chapter 5 Flashcards
(36 cards)
three things it’s a process of?
What is memory?
about what?
when?
process that is part of retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, skills, events, ideas after the original info isn’t there
part of retrieving, retaining, and using info
after original info isn’t there
What is the modal model of memory?
What does it describe?
What does it use as an analogy? What does it not do?
It is a functional processing model that uses a computer system analogy to describe what memory does
it describes what memory does but not in connection to brain functions
uses analogies of a computer system
What does the modal model of memory do?
What two things does it assume?
It assumes multiple memory stores and assumes various control processes
memory stores: structures where info can be encoded
consciously controlled: it is selected to match the current task to goal
What happens in the modal model of memory?
What three types of memory are involved?
Sensory signals are viewed then briefly is stored in sensory memory
Information is passed to a limited capacity, short term memory
Information can be encoded in unlimited long term memory (more or less permanently)
What is sensory memory?
It collects what for what?
How much can it hold and how long?
It is a type of memory that registers most information that hits our sensory receptors
collects info and holds for initial processing
can hold a lot of memory for short period of time
What is persistence of vision?
It is retaining perception of light
example: frames in film, sparkler’s trail of light
What happened in the sperling experiment?
What was shown? What did they have to do?
What did the experiment measure?
Letter were flashed quickly on a screen, and participants were asked to report as many letters as they could
had to report the subset of letter indicated by a cue
measured the capacity and duration of sensory memory
What did the sperling experiment find?
It found that visual sensory memory (iconic memory) has a large capacity but delays rapidly in second
What is short term memory?
Where is info availible to?
It includes what recieved from where and from where?
It stores small amounts of info for a small period of time
Info is availible to consciousness
it includes both new and old info recieved from the sensory stores and info from long term memory
What is the brown-peterson task?
What did the task consist of?
What were the results?
It is a task designed to measure the duration of short term memory
Read 3 letters, then a number, then count backwards by 3’s from number
Found the duration of short term memory when rehearsal is prevented, is about 15-20 seconds and that limited duration stm is bc of decay
What is decay?
It is when memory traces weaken and fade overtime
What is proactive interference?
It is when information previously learned interferes with new information learned
What is the capacity of short term memory?
It differes depending on the type of information and the nature of the task
What are span tasks?
What does it test?
It is a task that requires participants to remember a series of items and recall them in order
tests capacity for short term memory
What did George Miller find out about stm capacity?
Discovered that most people have a capacity for 5-9 chunks of information
memory span isn’t limited to a quantity of information but by number of chunks
What is chunking?
What is an example of an every day thing that we chunk?
It is grouping items of info into smaller meaningful units
Ex. Phone number is broken down into chunks
What happened in the ericcson study?
How did the student remember the digits?
A college student with average memory was trained to use chunking to remember lists of numbers
The student had knowledge about running times so he remembered the numbers in terms of them because they were meaningful to him
What is working memory?
it is a system where we temporarily store and use info for learning, reasoning, and understanding
What is
What is Baddeley’s multi-component model?
what three components did the model consist of?
Baddeley created a working memory model that consisted of the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketch pad, and the central executive
What is the central executive?
What 2 systems are involved?
What does it control and allow
It is an attention limited system that selects and manipulates material in two systems
two systems: phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad
it controls our attention and allows us to focus, divide it, shift it, and surpress irrelevent info
What is a phonological loop?
Which type of memory is it similar to
It temporarily holds verbal info,
ex. how things sound
It is pretty much verbal short term memory
Saying the word refreshes the memory and rehearsal increases span by 2-3 items
What is the phonological simillarity effect?
it is when it’s harder to remember things when words sound similar, especially when the meaning is similar too
confuse words that sound similar not look similar
What is the word-length effect?
we are better at remembering shorter words than longer words
this is because the longer they are the longer it takes to rehearse
What is articulary suppression?
What does it prevent?
It is the process of obstructing memory performance by speaking while being presented with an item to remember
it prevents rehearsal , word-lenght effect, and phonological similarity
