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SAD > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

audit trail

A

A record of the source of each data item and when it entered a system. In addition to recording the original source, the audit trail must show how and when data is accessed or changed, and by whom. All of these actions must be logged in an audit trail file and monitored carefully

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2
Q

authorization zone

A

Part of a form that contains any required signatures

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3
Q

automated fax

A

A system that allows a customer to request a fax using email, the company’s website, or telephone. The response is transmitted in a matter of second back to the user’s fax machine

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4
Q

batch

A

A group of data, usually inputted into an information system, at the same time

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5
Q

batch control

A

A total used to verify batch input. Might check data items such as record counts and numeric field totals. For example, before entering a batch of orders, a user might calculate the total number of orders and sum all of the order quantities.

When the batch of orders is entered, the order system also calculates the same two totals. If the system totals do not match the input total, then a data entry error has occurred.

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6
Q

batch input

A

A process where data entry is performed on a specific time schedule, such as daily, weekly, monthly, or longer.

Ex) Batch input occurs when a payroll department collects time cards at the end of the week, and enters the data as a batch

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7
Q

blog

A

An online journal. The term is a contraction of “web log”

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8
Q

calendar control

A

allows the user to select a date that the system will display and store as a field value

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9
Q

character-based report

A

A report created using a single mono-spaced character set

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10
Q

check box

A

Used to select one or more choices from a group. A check mark, or an X, represents selected options

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11
Q

combination check

A

A type of data validation check that is performed on two or more fields to ensure that they are consistent or reasonable when considered together. Even though all the fields involve in a combination check might pass their individual validation checks, the combination of the field values might be inconsistent or unreasonable

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12
Q

command button

A

Onscreen button that initiates an action such as printing a form or requesting Help

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13
Q

context-sensitive

A

A feature that is sensitive to the current conditions when it is invoked

EX) context-sensitive helps offer assistance for a task in progress

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14
Q

control break

A

A control break usually causes specific actions to occur, such as printing subtotals for a group of records

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15
Q

control break report

A

A detailed report that focuses on control breakss

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16
Q

control field order

A

In a control break report, the records are arranged or sorted in the same order as the control fields

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17
Q

data security

A

Protection of data from loss or damage and recovers data when it is lost or damaged

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18
Q

data type check

A

A type of data validation check that is used to ensure that a data item fits the required data type.

ex) a numeric field must only have numbers or symbols

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19
Q

data validation type

A

A mechanism to improve input quality by testing the data and rejecting any entry that fails to meet specified conditions

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20
Q

default value

A

A value that a system displays automatically

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21
Q

design prototyping

A

Creating a prototype of user requirements, after which the prototype is discarded and implementation continues

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22
Q

detail report

A

A detail report produces one or more lines of output for each record processed

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23
Q

dialog box

A

Allows a user to enter information about a task that a system will perform

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24
Q

diskless workstation

A

A network terminal that support a full-featured user interface but limits the printing or copying of data, except to certain network resources that can be monitored and controlled more easily

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25
electronic health record (EHR)
A electronic record of a patient's health information generated as the patient encounters various health-care providers and shared among multiple facilities and agencies
26
encryption
A process where data is coded (converted into unreadable characters) so that only those with the required authorization can access the data (usually via decoding software)
27
exception report
A document displaying only those records that meet a specific condition or conditions. These are useful when the user wants information only on records that might require action but does not need to know the details
28
existence check
A type of data validation check that is used for mandatory data items. EX) If an employee record requires SSN, an existence check would not allow the user to save the record until they enter a suitable value in the SSN field
29
form filling
Very effective method of online data entry where a blank form that duplicates or resembles the source document is completed on the screen. The users enters the data and then moves to the next field
30
form layout
The physical appearance and placement of data on a form. Form layout makes the form each to complete and provides enough space, both vertically and horizontally, for users to enter the data
31
garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)
The concept that the quality of the output is only as good as the quality of the input
32
graphical user interface (GUI)
The user of graphical objects and techniques allowing users to communicate with a system. A well-designed GUI can help users learn a new system rapidly and work with the system effectively
33
hash totals
Not meaningful numbers themselves but are useful for comparison purposes. Also known as batch control totals
34
human-computer interaction (HCI)
A description of the relationship between computers and the people who use them to perform business-related tasks. HCI concepts apply to everything from a PC desktop to the main menu for a global network
35
input control
The necessary measures to ensure that input data is correct, complete, and secure. A system analyst must focus on this during every phase of the input design, starting with the source documents that promote data accuracy and quality.
36
input mask
Template or pattern that makes it easier for users to enter data. Often used in automated forms to guide an unfamiliar user
37
limit check
Occurs when a validation checks involved a minimum or a maximum value, but not both. Ex) Checking that a payment amount of greater than 0, but not specifying a max value,
38
list box
An output mechanism that displays a list of choices that the user can select
39
menu bar
A set of user-selectable software application options, usually location across the top of the screen
40
mock-up
When designing a report, a sample report is prepared (this thing), for users to review. The sample should include a typical field values and contain enough records to show all the design features
41
modular design
A design that can be broken down into logical blocks. Also known as partitioning, or top-down design
42
Module
Related program code organized into smaller units that are easy to understand and maintain. A complex program could have hundreds or even thousands of modules
43
natural language
A software feature that allows users to type commands or requests in normal english (or other language) phrases
44
online data entry
A data entry method used for most business activity. The online method offers major advantages, including the immediate validation and availability of data
45
option button
Radio buttons that represent groups of options. The user can select only one option at a time; a selected option contains a black dot
46
output control
Methods to maintain output integrity and security Ex) every report should include an appropriate title, report number, printing data, time period covered, paged numbers, and end of report labeled
47
output security
Output security protects privacy rights and shields the organization's proprietary data from theft or unauthorized access
48
page footer
Appears at the bottom of the page and is used to display the name of the report and the page number
49
page header
Appears at the top of the page and includes the column headings that identify the data
50
podcast
A web-based broadcast that allows a user to receive audio or multimedia files using music player software, and listen to them on a PC or download them to a portable MP3 or smart phone
51
prototype
An early, rapidly constructed working version of the proposed information system
52
prototyping
The method by which a prototype is developed. It involved a repetitive sequence of analysis, design, modeling, and testing. It is a common technique that can be used to design anything from a new home to a computer network
53
radio button
Buttons that represent groups of options. The use can select only one option at a time (same as option button)
54
radio frequency identification (RFID) tag
An input device used in source data automation
55
range check
A type of data validation check that tests data items to verify that they fall between a specified min and max
56
reasonableness check
A type of data validation check that identifies values that are questionable but are not necessarily wrong
57
records retention policy
Rules designed to meet all regal requirements and business needs for keeping records
58
report footer
Appears at the end of the report, can include grand totals for numeric fields and other end-of-report information
59
report header
appears at the beginning of a report and identifies the report as well as the report title, date, and other necessary information
60
scroll bar
In user interface design, a scroll bar allows the user to move through the available choices for an input field
61
sequence check
A type of data validation check that is used when the data must be in some predetermined sequence. Ex) If a user must enter work orders in numerical sequence, then an out-of-sequence order indicates an error. If the user must enter transactions chronologically, then a transaction with an out-of-sequence date indicates an error
62
source data automation
A popular online input method that combines online data entry and automated data capture using input devices such as magnetic data strips or swipe scanners
63
source document
A form used to request and collect input data, trigger or authorize an input action, and provide a record of the original transaction. During the input design stage, you develop source documents that are easy to complete and inexpensive
64
storyboard
Sketches used during prototyping to show the general screen layout and design
65
summary report
A report used by individuals at higher levels in the organization that includes less detail than reports used by lower-level employees
66
switchboard
The use of command buttons in a user interface to enable users to navigate a system and select from groups of related tasks
67
system prototyping
Producing a full-features, working model of the information system being developed
68
toggle button
GUI element that contains icons or buttons that represent shortcuts for executing common commands
69
toolbar
GUI element that contains icons or buttons that represent shortcuts for executing common commands
70
totals zone
If a form has data totals, they will appear in this section of the form
71
transparent interface
Use interface that users don't really notice, a user friendly interface that does not distract the user and calls no attention to itself
72
turnaround document
output document that is later entered back into the same or another information system. A telephone or utility bill, might be this printed by the company's billing system. When a bill is returned with payment, it is scanned into the company's accounts receivable system to record the payment accurately
73
usability
In user interface design, includes user satisfaction, support for business functions, and system effectiveness
74
usability metrics
Data that interface designers can obtain by using software that can record and measure user interactions with the system
75
user-centered
A term that indicates the primary focus is upon the user. In this system, the distinction blurs between input, output, and the interface itsel.f
76
user interface (UI)
The mechanism through which the user interacts with the system. The user can be graphical, textual, aural, or a combination of different modes of interaction
77
validity check
A type of data validation heck that is used for data items that must have certain values. EX) if a system has 20 valid item classes, then any input item that doesn't match one of the valid classes will fail the check
78
webcast
One-way transmission of information of training materials, such as Webinar session, available on demand or for a specific period to online participants

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