Chapter 9

Question 1

1:1

Answer 1

A type of entity relationship. A one to tone relationship, exists when exactly one of the second entry occurs for each instance of the first entry

Question 3

1:M

Answer 3

a type of entity relationship. This exists when one occurrence of the first entity can be related to many occurrences of the second entity, but each occurrence of the second entity can be associated with only one occurrence of the first entity

Question 4

abbreviation code

Answer 4

Alphabetic abbreviation.

Ex) State codes MI

Question 5

absolute date

Answer 5

The total number of days from some specific base date.

To Calculate: subtract one base date from the other base date

Question 6

action code

Answer 6

Indicates what action is to be taken with an associated item

Ex) student records program might prompt a user to enter/click an action code such as D (display), A (add), and X (exit)

Question 7

alphabetic code

Answer 7

Uses alphabet letters to distinguish one item from another bases on a category, in abbreviation, or an easy-to-remember value, called a mnemonic code

Question 8

ASCII

Answer 8

American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a data storage coding method used on most personal computers and workstations

Question 9

associative entity

Answer 9

An entity that has its own set of attributes and characteristics. Associative entities are used to link between M:N relationships

Question 10

attribute

Answer 10

A single characteristic or fact about an entity. An attribute, or field, is the smallest piece of data that has meaning within an information system. In object oriented analysis, an attribute is a part of a class diagram that describes the characteristics of objects in the class. Also known as a data element

EX) Company name, SSN

Question 11

audit fields

Answer 11

Special fields within data records to provide additional control of security information. Typical audit fields include the date records was created/modifies, the name of the user who performed the action, and the number of times the record has been accessed.

Question 12

audit log files

Answer 12

Record details of all accesses and changes to a file or database and can be used to recover changes made since the last backup

Question 13

backup

Answer 13

The process of saving a series of file or data copies to be retained for a specific period of time. Data can be backed up continuously, or at prescribed intervals

Question 14

binary storage format

Answer 14

A format that offers efficient storage of numeric data.

EX) when numeric data types are specified using Microsoft Access, there are a variety of storage format choices, including integer and long integer, among others

Question 15

bit

Answer 15

The smallest unit of data is one binary digit

Question 16

block sequence code

Answer 16

Cipher that uses blocks of numbers for different classifications

Question 17

byte

Answer 17

A group of eight bits. Also known as a character. A set of bytes forms a field, which is an individual fact about a person, a thing, or an event

Question 18

candidate key

Answer 18

Sometimes it is possible to have a choice of fields or a field combinations to use as a primary key. Any field that could serve as a primary key is called a candidate key

Question 19

cardinality

Answer 19

A concept that describes how instances of one entity relate to instances of another entity. Described in ERDs by notation that indicates combinations that include zero or one to many, one to one, and many to many.

Question 20

cardinality notation

Answer 20

Code that shows relationship between entites

Question 21

category codes

Answer 21

Ciphers that identify a group of related items. For example, a local department store may use a two-character category code to identify the department in which a product is sold

Question 22

character

Answer 22

A group of eight bits

Question 23

cipher codes

Answer 23

Use of a keyword to encode a number.

Ex) a retail store may use a 10 letter word to code wholesale prices

Question 24

clicks to close

Answer 24

The average number of page views to accomplish a purchase or obtain desired information

Question 25

clickstream storage

Answer 25

Recording web visitor behavior and traffic trends for later data mining use

Question 26

code

Answer 26

A set of letters of numbers that represents a data item. Code can be used to simplify output, input, and data formats

Question 27

combination key

Answer 27

A type of data validation check that is performed on two or more fields to ensure that they are consistent or reasonable when considered together. Even though all of the fields involved in a combination check might pass their individual validation checks, the combination of the field values might be inconsistent or unreasonable

Question 28

common field

Answer 28

An attribute that appears in more than one entity. Common fields can be used to link entities in various types of relationships

Question 29

composite key

Answer 29

Sometimes it is necessary for a primary key to consist of a combination of fields. In that case, the primary key is called a combination key, composite key, concatenated key, or multivalued kay

Question 30

crow's foot notation

Answer 30

A type of cardinality notation. It is called crow's foot notation because pf the shapes, which include circles, bars, and symbols, that indicate various possibilities. A single bar indicates one, a double bar indicates one and only one, and a circle indicates 0, and a crow's foot indicates many

Question 31

data element

Answer 31

A single characteristic or fact about an entity. This is the smallest piece of data that has meaning within an information system also known as data item

Question 32

data manipulation language (DML)

Answer 32

Controls database operations, including storing, retrieving, updating, and deleting data. Most commercial DBMs, such as Oracle and IBM's, DB2, use a DML

Question 33

data mart

Answer 33

A specialized database designed to serve the needs of a specific department, such as sales, marketing, or finance. Each data mark includes only the data that users in the department require to perform their jobs

Question 34

data mining

Answer 34

Looking for meaningful patterns and relationships among data. Ex) this type of software could help a consumer products firm identify potential customers based on their prior purchases

Question 35

data structure

Answer 35

A meaningful combination of the related data elements that is included in a data flow or retained in a data store. A framework for organizing and storing data

Question 36

data warehouse

Answer 36

An integrated collection of data that can support management analysis and decision making

Question 37

database administrator (DBA)

Answer 37

Someone who manages a DMNs. The DBA assesses overall requirements and maintains the database for the benefit of the entire organization rather than a single department or user

Question 38

database management system (DBMS)

Answer 38

A collection of tools, features, and interfaces that enables users to add, update, manage, access, and analyze data in a database