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Science Y10 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is distance?

A

A measure of how far an object travels. It is a scalar quantity (expressed only as a size, with no direction)

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2
Q

What is displacement?

A

A measure of the difference between an object’s final position and initial position. It is a vector quantity (expressed as a size AND a direction)

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3
Q

What is speed?

A

A measure of the rate at which an object moves over a distance

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4
Q

How to calculate speed?

A

Speed = Distance/Time

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5
Q

What is instantaneous speed?

A

The speed at a particular point in time

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6
Q

What is average speed?

A

The overall speed over a long distance

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7
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The change in velocity over time

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8
Q

What is the unit for acceleration?

A

distance/time/time

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9
Q

What is instantaneous speed measured by?

A

A speedometer

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10
Q

How fast is acceleration due to gravtiy?

A

9.8m/s, then doubled every second

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11
Q

What is air resistance?

A

Thefriction between the air and a falling body

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12
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

The final velocity

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13
Q

What is a force diagram?

A

It shows all the forces acting on an object, and their direction and magnitude

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14
Q

What is the unit for force?

A

Newtons (N)

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15
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A
  1. An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion, unless acted upon by an external and unbalanced force.
  2. An object that is moving will continue to move unless acted on by an external force
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16
Q

What is inertia?

A

It the property of objects that makes them resist changes in their motion (Inertia basically defines Newton’s first law)

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17
Q

What is Newton’s second law

A

An object’s acceleration depends on the mass of the object and the size of the force applied

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18
Q

What is the formula for Newton’s seocnd law?

A

F = m x a
F = force (N)
m = mass (kg)
a =acceleration (m/s/s)

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19
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

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20
Q

Does a larger or lighter object have more inertia?

A

Larger

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21
Q

What is an action force?

A

The force of a tennis ball accelerating forwards after it has been hit

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22
Q

What is a reaction force?

A

The force the ball has back on the racquet

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23
Q

How to convert km/h to m/s?

A

m/s x 3.6

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24
Q

What is reaction distance?

A

The distance you travel in a car before you can react to something

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25
What is braking distance?
The distance you travel while breaking
26
How do you calculate the stopping distance of a car?
Reaction distance + braking distance
27
What is energy?
The ability to do work (or make things happen)
28
What is the unit for energy?
Joules
29
What is gravitational energy?
Energy stored by an object elevated above the ground
30
What is elastic energy?
Energy stored by an elastic object that is stretched (e.g. spring or rubber band)
31
What are the two categories of energy?
Kinetic and potential energy
32
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of a moving object
33
What is the amount of kinetic energy based upon?
Mass and speed
34
What is the law for mass to kinetic energy?
If an obfect's mass doubles, its kinetic energy also doubles. If an object's speed doubles, it's kinetic energy increases by factors of 4
35
What is potential energy?
(or stored energy) the energy stored within an object, due to the object's position, arrangement or state
36
What is gravitational potential energy?
The energy that all objects have, where the amount that they have is based on how high up it is
37
What is chemical energy?
Energy stored in chemicals which (when reacted together) release heat, sound or light
38
What is nuclear energy?
Energy stored in the nucleus of atoms
39
What is electrical energy?
Energy used to move charged particles through a wire to work various appliances
40
What is thermal energy?
Energy that causes objects to gain temperature
41
What is light energy?
Energy that is visible to the eye
42
What is sound energy?
Energy carried by vibrations and detected by the ear
43
What does the Law of Conservation state?
States that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form into another (transformation) or transferred from one object to another (transfer)
44
What is wasted energy?
In energy transformations, unwanted forms of energy
45
What is the energy efficiency of a machine?
A measure of its ability to provide useful energy
46
What is the efficiency formula?
Efficiency = useful energy output/total energy output * 100
47
What is velocity?
A vector quantity and is measure of the rate of displacement
48
Formula for average velocity
displacement/time
49
Unit for velocity
m/s or km/h. Must have direction, eg East
50
What happens when something changes direction?
It accelerates
51
Kinetic energy formula?
KE = 1/2 mv^2 m = mass of a moving object v = object's speed in m/s
52
What is the gradient on a distance-time graph?
Average speed
53
What is the gradient on a displacement-time graph?
Average velocity
54
What is the gradient on a velocity-time graph?
Average acceleration
55
What is the area below a speed-time graph?
Distance travelled
56
What is the area below a velocity-time graph?
Displacement
57
What is the area below an acceleration-time graph?
Change in velocity
58
Gravitational potential energy formula
GPE = mass * acceleration due to gravity * height
59
What is g in the gravitational potential energy formula?
9.8
60
In space, what is the relationship between Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy?
Equal

Science Y10 (3 decks)

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