Chapter 8

Question 1

doesn’t allow any movement between articulating bones, so it provides the greatest stability.

Answer 1

Synarthrosis

Question 2

allows only a small amount of movement between articulating bones and provides a significant amount of stability, but less than a synarthrosis.

Answer 2

amphiarthrosis

Question 3

is freely moveable, allowing a wide variety of specific movements, and provides the least amount of stability.

Answer 3

diarthrosis

Question 4

are united by the short collagen fibers of dense regular collagenous connective tissue. No joint space is present in fibrous joints, so functionally they are synarthroses or amphiarthroses

Answer 4

Fibrous Joints

Question 5

have cartilage between the articulating bones. Like fibrous joints, there is no joint space, which makes cartilaginous joints functionally synarthroses or amphiarthroses.

Answer 5

Cartilaginous joints

Question 6

are the only class to have a joint space, or cavity, filled with fluid between articulating bones. The joint cavity makes synovial joints diarthroses, and gives them the greatest range of motion of any joint class.

Answer 6

Synovial joints

Question 7

is a fibrous joint between a tooth and its corresponding alveolus in the mandible or maxilla

Answer 7

gomphosis

Question 8

the articulating bones are joined by a long membrane—the interosseous membrane or ligament—composed of dense regular collagenous connective tissue.

Answer 8

syndesmosis

Question 9

consists of bones united by hyaline cartilage.

Answer 9

synchondrosis

Question 10

a joint in which the bones are united by a tough fibrocartilage pad

Answer 10

symphysis

Question 11

a double-layered structure composed of connective tissue

Answer 11

articular capsule

Question 12

a thick, colorless, oily liquid that serves three main functions in the joint

Answer 12

Synovial Fluid

Question 13

a strand of dense regular collagenous connective tissue that connects one bone to another to strengthen and reinforce the joint

Answer 13

Ligaments

Question 14

a structural component of a skeletal muscle composed of dense regular collagenous connective tissue—connects the muscle to a bone or another structure.

Answer 14

Tendons

Question 15

a structural component of a skeletal muscle composed of dense regular collagenous connective tissue—connects the muscle to a bone or another structu

Answer 15

Bursa

Question 16

to inflammation of a bursa.

Answer 16

Bursitis

Question 17

the inflammation of one or more joints, resulting in pain and decreased range of motion.

Answer 17

Arthritis

Question 18

the arthritis we generally associate with wear and tear.

Answer 18

osteoarthritis

Question 19

It is an autoimmune

Answer 19

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 20

excess uric acid, a waste product, crystallizes and forms deposits in the connective tissue surrounding a joint.

Answer 20

Gouty Arthritis

Question 21

allow motion to occur in one or more planes but do not move around an axis.

Answer 21

Nonaxial joints

Question 22

allow motion around only one axis.

Answer 22

Uniaxial joints

Question 23

allow motion around two axes

Answer 23

Biaxial joints

Question 24

allow motion around three axes.

Answer 24

Multiaxial or triaxial joints

Question 25

decreases the angle between articulating bones by bringing the two bones closer together.

Answer 25

Flexion

Question 26

the opposite of flexion, increases the angle between articulating bones

Answer 26

Extension

Question 27

or extension beyond the anatomical position of the joint

Answer 27

Hyperextension

Question 28

the motion of a body part away from the midline of the body or another reference point (such as the midline of the hand or foot).

Answer 28

Abduction

Question 29

the opposite of abduction, is the motion of a body part toward the midline of the body or some other reference point.

Answer 29

Adduction

Question 30

a freely moveable distal bone moves around a stationary proximal bone in a cone-shaped motion.

Answer 30

Circumduction

Question 31

is a nonangular, pivoting motion, in which one bone rotates or twists on an imaginary line running down its middle, known as its longitudinal axis.

Answer 31

Rotation

Question 32

occurs only at the thumb or first carpometacarpal joint, and involves movement of the thumb across the palmar surface of the hand

Answer 32

opposition

Question 33

the return of the thumb to its anatomical position

Answer 33

Reposition

Question 34

is the movement of a body part in an inferior direction.

Answer 34

Depression

Question 35

is the opposite of depression

Answer 35

Elevation

Question 36

the amount of movement it is capable of under normal circumstances.

Answer 36

Range Of Motion

Question 37

the simplest and least mobile synovial joint, features two bones whose flat surfaces sit next to each other

Answer 37

Plane Joint

Question 38

a convex surface of one bone fits into a concave depression of another bone.

Answer 38

Hinge Joint

Question 39

a uniaxial joint in which the rounded surface of one bone fits into a groove on the surface of another bone.

Answer 39

Pivot Joint

Question 40

a biaxial joint in which the oval, convex surface of one bone fits into the shallow concave surface of the other bone

Answer 40

Condylar Joint

Question 41

a multiaxial joint in which the articulating surface of one bone is ball-shaped, or spherical, and fits into a cup or socket formed by the articulating surface of the other bone

Answer 41

Ball and Socket joint

Question 42

runs from an anterior insertion site on the tibia to the posterior aspect of the femur.

Answer 42

anterior cruciate ligament

Question 43

travels from a posterior position on the tibia to the anterior femur.

Answer 43

posterior cruciate ligament