Terms 58-102

Question 1

Anythign that has mass and takes up space.

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

The study of matter and its interactions.

Answer 2

Chemistry

Question 3

The smallest unit of matter that still retains its original properties.

Answer 3

Atom

Question 4

Positively charged subatomic particles found in the atomic nucleus.

Answer 4

Protons

Question 5

Neutrally charged subatomic particles found in the atomic nucleus.

Answer 5

Neurons

Question 6

Negatively charged subatomic particles found in the electron shells.

Answer 6

Electrons

Question 7

Satisfied (and filled) with 8 electrons.

Answer 7

Second electron shell

Question 8

Satisfied (and filled) with 2 electrons.

Answer 8

First electron shell

Question 9

Satisfied with 8 (can hold up to 18)

Answer 9

Third electron shell

Question 10

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, (CHON)

Answer 10

4 major elements in the human body

Question 11

Number of protons

Answer 11

Atomic number

Question 12

Number of protons plus neutrons

Answer 12

Mass number

Question 13

An element that has the same atomic number (# of protons) as another element but a different number of neutrons

Answer 13

Isotope

Question 14

Two or more substances that are physically combined such that their chemical properties are unaltered

Answer 14

Mixture

Question 15

Contains two or more with large, unevenly distributed particles that will settle out when left undisturbed

Answer 15

Suspension

Question 16

Contains two or more components with small, evenly distributed particles that will not settle out

Answer 16

Colloids

Question 17

Formed by chemical bonding between two or more elements

Answer 17

Compound

Question 18

An element that is unreactive (Stable) due to a full outer shell of electrons

Answer 18

Inert

Question 19

Formed when electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a nonmetal atom

Answer 19

Ionic Bond

Question 20

Charged particle that has gained or lost one or more electronsIon

Answer 20

Ion

Question 21

Positively charged ion

Answer 21

Cation

Question 22

Negatively charged ion

Answer 22

Anion

Question 23

Sharing of electrons

Answer 23

Covalent bond

Question 24

Involves equal sharing of electrons

Answer 24

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Question 25

Involves unequal sharing of electrons

Answer 25

Polar Covalent Bond

Question 26

Weak attractions between the partially positive end of one dipole and the partially negative end of another dipole. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the surface tension of water

Answer 26

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 27

The process that occurs when chemical bonds are formed, broken, or rearranged, or electrons are transferred between reactants.

Answer 27

Chemical Reaction

Question 28

What goes into reaction

Answer 28

Reactants

Question 29

What comes out the reaction

Answer 29

Products

Question 30

The capacity to do work

Answer 30

Energy

Question 31

Stored energy in a potentially useable form.

Answer 31

Potential Energy

Question 32

Energy of motion

Answer 32

Kinetic energy

Question 33

Requires the input of energy from another source

Answer 33

Endergonic Reactions

Question 34

Release excess energy

Answer 34

Exergonic Reactions

Question 35

break things down also known as decomposition reactions

Answer 35

Catabolic Reactions

Question 36

Build up. Also known as synthesis reactions

Answer 36

Anabolic Reactions

Question 37

Also known as a re-dox reaction. The reactant that loses electrons is oxidized, while the reactant that gains electrons is reduced.

Answer 37

Oxidation Reduction Reactions

Question 38

a MOLECULE (almost always a protein) that catalyzes a reaction lowers the energy of activation and is not consumed or changed by the reaction

Answer 38

Enzyme

Question 39

Generally does not contain carbon bonded to hydrogen and includes water, acids, bases, and salts.

Answer 39

Inorganic Compounds

Question 40

Defined as those that do contain carbon bonded hydrogen.

Answer 40

Organic compounds

Question 41

Makes up 60-80% of the mass of the human body and has several key properties including a high heat capacity (It can absorb a lot of heat without a big change in its temp ) Evaporative cooling cushions and protects acts as a lubricant is the universal solvent.

Answer 41

Water

Question 42

Water loving

Answer 42

Hydrophilic

Question 43

Water fearing

Answer 43

Hydrophobic