Chapter 8+ Flashcards
What are the three types of bonds?
Polar covalent
Non polar covalent
Ionic
What is an ionic bond?
A chemical bond between a metal and non metal whereby the non metal gains electrons and the metal looses them
Electronegativity value
A number that indicates the relative ability of an atom to attract the shared electrons.
What are the Electronegativity trends?
Electronegativity increases with atomic number due to the pull of the nucleus
Electronegativity decreases going down a group because the energy levels are further away from the nucleus
What atom gets the delta + in a polar covalent bond?
The atom with the LOWER Electronegativity value
Describe an ideal gas
Small molecules moving randomly in straight lines with varying speed
Average kinetic energy of molecules is proportional to Kelvin Temp
Collisions between molecules are elastic (no energy lost)
Distance between molecules is large
No attraction between gas molecules
Pressure is caused by the collision of molecules
How are the properties of a gas different from solids and liquids?
Density is low Shape is not defined Volume is not defined Compressibility is large Diffusion (spontaneous mixing) is high
What are the factors influencing gasses?
P = pressure V = volume T = temperature n = amount of gas
What is pressure?
A force created when has particles hit the walls of the container
How is gas pressure measured?
Units are:
atm, torr, mmHg
1 atm = 760 torr or 760 mmHg
What’s a barometer?
A scientific instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
What is a volume of gas?
A volume of a gas is equal to its container and measured in ml, cc, or L
What is temperature of gas
A measurement of how much energy the particles in a gas have. Always Kelvin (*C + 273.15)
What is (n) of a gas?
The amount of gas always in moles
What is standard temperature and pressure of gas?
A specific set of conditions defined as 273.5K and 1atm
1 mole of any gas at STP = 22.4L
What is the ideal gas law
Shows relationship among pressure, volume, temperature, and moles of a sample
What is Boyle’s law?
P vs V (at constant T, & n)
P & V are inversely proportional
P1V1 = P2V2
What is Charles law?
V vs T (at constant P & n)
V & T are directly proportional
V/T constant
V1/T1 = V2/T2 (temp must be Kelvin)
What is the combined gas law?
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
What is Gay Lussac’s law?
P & T are directly proportional (in Kelvin)
P/T constant
P1/T1 = P2/T2(T must be Kelvin)
What is a solution?
A homogenous mixture with particles the size of small molecules or ions
Solute
Substance being dissolved
Solvent
The substance in which a solute is dissolved
Electrolyte
Substance that conducts electricity in the liquid state or when the substance is dissolved in water.
