Chapter5-8

Question 1

Balanced Equation

Answer 1

The number of atoms of each element are the same on both sides

Question 2

Chemical Equation

Answer 2

an abbreviated representation of a chemical reaction consisting of chemical symbols and formulas

Question 3

Combination Reaction

Answer 3

two elements or compounds join to form a new compound (synthesis)

Question 4

Combustion Reaction

Answer 4

A reaction that involves oxygen molecules as a reactant and that rapidly produces heat and flames

Question 5

Decomposition Reaction

Answer 5

a chemical reaction in which a substance breaks down

Question 6

Double Displacement Reaction

Answer 6

a reaction in which two compounds exchange ions or elements to form new compounds

Question 7

Product

Answer 7

a substance formed from another substance or substances during a chemical reaction

Question 8

Reactant

Answer 8

a substance converted into another substance during a chemical reaction

Question 9

Single Displacement Reaction

Answer 9

a reaction in which a free element displaces another element from a compound to produce a different compound and a different free element

Question 10

Endothermic Reaction

Answer 10

a chemical change that absorbs heat

Question 11

Exothermic Reaction

Answer 11

a chemical change that releases heat

Question 12

Law of Conservation of Energy

Answer 12

energy can be converted from one form to another, or transferred, but it cannot be created or destroyed

Question 13

Stoichiometry

Answer 13

calculation of the quantities of substances (product and reactant) invloved in a chemical reaction

Question 14

Atomic Radius

Answer 14

a measure of atomic size; the distance from the nucleus to the outer edge of the atom

Question 15

Core Electron

Answer 15

an electron in an atom that is not a valence electron; an inner electron

Question 16

Electron Configuration

Answer 16

a description of the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals or sub-levels

Question 17

Excited State

Answer 17

when electrons move into higher orbital levels

Question 18

Ground State

Answer 18

the state of lowest energy in an atom where the electrons occupy orbitals that are lowest in energy

Question 19

Ionization Energy

Answer 19

the minimum energy required to remove a valence electron from an atom

Question 20

Isoelectronic

Answer 20

having the same number of electrons

Question 21

Orbital

Answer 21

a three dimensional region in space around a nucleus where an electron is likely to be found

Question 22

Principal Energy Level

Answer 22

an energy level containing a set of electrons in orbitals of similar sizes

Question 23

Sublevel

Answer 23

an energy level consisting of only one type of orbital at a specific principal energy level; usually consisting of more than one orbital

Question 24

Valence Electron

Answer 24

an electron in the highest principal energy level, the valence level

Question 25

Aufbau Principal

Answer 25

the building up principle. add electrons to an atom starting at the lowest principal energy level and then build up

Question 26

Periodic law

Answer 26

both chemical and physical properties tend to repeat in a regular (periodic) way with increasing atomic number

Question 27

First Ionization Energy

Answer 27

ionization energy that removes one electron from a neutral atom

Question 28

Second Ionization Energy

Answer 28

ionization energy that removes one electron from an ion

Question 29

Chemical Bond

Answer 29

the force that holds atoms together in a molecule or compound

Question 30

Covalent Bonding

Answer 30

the bonding between two atoms resulting from the sharing of electrons

Question 31

Double Bond

Answer 31

a covalent bond that involves the sharing of two pairs of electrons

Question 32

Electronegativity

Answer 32

a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons within a bond to itself

Question 33

Ionic Bonding

Answer 33

the bonding between cations and anions resulting from electrostatic attractions of opposite charges

Question 34

Non-polar Covalent Bonding

Answer 34

a bond resulting from the equal sharing of electron pairs

Question 35

Octet Rule

Answer 35

a rule stating that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve an electronic configuration with eight electrons in the valence shell

Question 36

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 36

a bond resulting from the unequal sharing of electron pairs

Question 37

Polarity

Answer 37

the separation of electronic charge withing a bond or molecule

Question 38

Single Bond

Answer 38

a covalent bond that involves the sharing of one pair of electrons

Question 39

Triple Bond

Answer 39

a covalent bond that involves the sharing of three pairs of electrons

Question 40

Four Examples of a Chemical Change

Answer 40

color change, precipitate, gas produced, heat released or absorbed

Question 41

Molar Mass

Answer 41

Mass in grams of 1 mole substance

Question 42

Avagadro's number

Answer 42

6.02 x 10^23

Question 43

Name three kinds of double displacement reactions

Answer 43

Precipitate formation, neutralization (a salt), gas formation

Question 44

Molecule

Answer 44

an electrically neutral cluster of two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds

Question 45

Electronegativity Value

Answer 45

number that indicates the relative ability of an atom to attract the shared electrons