Chapter 8

Question 1

Totality of an organism’s reaction

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Series of chemical reactions that either builds or breaks down molecules

Answer 2

Metabolic pathway

Question 3

Releases energy by breaking down molecules

Answer 3

Catabolic

Question 4

Consumes energy to build up simple molecules to complex ones

Answer 4

Anabolic

Question 5

Capacity to cause change

Answer 5

Energy

Question 6

Relative motion of objects

Answer 6

Kinetic

Question 7

Random movement of atoms or molecules

Answer 7

Thermal

Question 8

Energy that matter possesses as a result of spatial or location

Answer 8

Potential

Question 9

Study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter

Answer 9

Thermodynamics

Question 10

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but not created nor destroyed

Answer 10

1st law of Thermodynamics

Question 11

During every energy transfer or transformation, some energy becomes unavailable to do work

Answer 11

2nd law of thermodynamics

Question 12

Measure of disorder

Answer 12

Entropy

Question 13

Occurs without an input of energy

Answer 13

Spontaneous

Question 14

Portion of a system’s energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system

Answer 14

Free energy

Question 15

Release of free energy

Answer 15

Exergonic

Question 16

Free energy is absorbed from the surroundings

Answer 16

Endergonic

Question 17

What 3 kinds of work do cells do?

Answer 17

Mechanical, chemical, transport

Question 18

A molecule with a phosphate group bound to it making it more reactive

Answer 18

Phosphorylated intermediate

Question 19

Macromolecule that acts as a catalyst

Answer 19

Enzyme

Question 20

Amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start

Answer 20

Activation energy

Question 21

Reactant on which the enzyme works on

Answer 21

Substrate

Question 22

Specific region of an enzyme that binds the substrate and that forms the pocket in which catalysis occurs

Answer 22

Active site

Question 23

Change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it binds more snugly on the substrate

Answer 23

Induced fit

Question 24

What 2 factos affect the activity of an enzyme?

Answer 24

pH and temperature

Question 25

Blocks substrates from entering active sites

Answer 25

Competitive inhibitor

Question 26

Impede enzymatic activity by bind to another part of the enzyme which causes the enzyme molecule to change its shape

Answer 26

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Question 27

Binding of a regulatory molecule to a protein at one site that affects the function of the protein at a different site

Answer 27

Allosteric regulation

Question 28

The end product of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway

Answer 28

Feedback inhibition

Question 29

How is allosteric regulation and feedback inhibition related?

Answer 29

Feedback is a form of allosteric regulation

Question 30

What is the optimal temperature and pH for the number of collisions and compartmentalization and fixation?

Answer 30

35-40, 6-8pH

Question 31

Why does the substrate concentration affect the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Answer 31

As the substrate concentration increases, the rate of a reaction increases

Question 32

Negative G value

Answer 32

Exergonic

Question 33

Positive G value

Answer 33

Endergonic

Question 34

What is ATP made of?

Answer 34

Adenosine, phosphate, nitrogenous sugar

Question 35

What is ATP used in?

Answer 35

Cellular respiration