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BIO 120 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules

A

Macromolecule

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2
Q

Long molecule consisting of similar blocks linked by covalent bonds

A

Polymer

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3
Q

Building blocks of polymers

A

Monomer

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4
Q

Macromolecule that acts as a catalyst

A

Enzyme

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5
Q

The way that monomers connect to each other by removing water

A

Dehydration reaction

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6
Q

Breaking bonds between 2 molecules by adding water

A

Hydrolysis

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7
Q

Simplest carbohydrate made up of 1 ring sugar

A

Monosaccharide

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8
Q

Consists of 2 monosaccharides

A

Disaccharide

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9
Q

Carbonyl is added into the carbon skeleton

A

Ketose

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10
Q

Carbonyl is added to the end of the carbon skeleton

A

Aldehyde

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11
Q

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

A

Chitin, cellulose, starch

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12
Q

What is an example of disaccharides?

A

Lactose, sucrose

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13
Q

What is an example of a monosaccharide?

A

Glucose

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14
Q

Made up of fructose and glucose

A

Sucrose

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15
Q

How are carbs bonded?

A

Glycosidic bonds

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of lipids?

A

Steroids, fat, phospholipid

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17
Q

Consists of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol

A

Fat

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18
Q

All carbon in the hydrocarbon are single bonds

A

Saturated

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19
Q

Has one or more double bond between the cabins in the hydrocarbon tail

A

Unsaturated

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20
Q

What is the function of lipids?

A

Energy storage, cushioning vital organs, moderating temperatures, cell membrane transportation

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21
Q

Consists of 2 fatty acids and a glycerol

A

Phospholipid

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22
Q

Consists of a carbon skeleton with 4 fused rings

A

Steroid

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23
Q

What is an example of a steroid?

A

Cholesterol

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24
Q

What type of bond are in lipids?

25
Contains carboxyl
Lipid
26
Contains C,H, and O
carbohydrates
27
What are the 5 functions of proteins?
Enzymatic, structure, storage, contractile and motor, transport
28
Selective acceleration of chemical reactions
Enzymatic
29
Supports the cell
Structure
30
Stores material
Storage
31
Moves materials from 1 place to another
Transport
32
Movement
Contractile and movement
33
What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
34
What bonds are in proteins?
peptide bonds
35
Physical chain sequence of amino acids
Primary
36
Coil shape or flat sheet of amino acids
Secondary
37
3-D shape, r group interactions
Tertiary
38
Multiple polypeptides
Quaternary
39
What determines denaturization?
pH, temperature, concentration, solvents
40
Contains an amino group and carboxyl group
Amino acid
41
Covalent bond between the carboxyl group and another carboxyl group by dehydration reaction
Peptide bond
42
Proteins that help in the folding of proteins
Chaperonins
43
What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?
DNA, RNA
44
What is the flow of genetic information?
DNA, RNA, protein
45
polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers
Polynucleotide
46
Building block of a nucleic acid
Nucleotide
47
What are nucleic acids made up of?
phosphate, nitrogenous base, 6 ring carbon sugar
48
What are the 3 pyrimidines?
C,T,U
49
What are the 2 purines?
A, G
50
Process in which the protein loses its shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds and interactions
Denature
51
Misfolded hemoglobin subunit causes red blood cells to collapse
sickle cell disease
52
How does a misfiled hemoglobin beta subunit cause red blood cells to collapse?
Sickle cell beta proteins will aggregate and form hydrophobic chains causes oxygen capacity to be greatly reduced
53
Molecules that are built from molecules that don't have function in immediate life processes
Secondary metabolite
54
What is an example of urushiol?
urushiol, solanine
55
What is the biological role of venom?
Break things down to make easier digestion
56
What type of bonds are in lipids?
Ester
57
what type of bonds are in carbohydrates?
glycosidic
58
What types of bonds are in proteins?
peptide
59
what types of bonds are in nucleic acids?
Ester

BIO 120 (16 decks)

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