Chapter 9

Question 1

What is similar between cellular respiration and fermentation?

Answer 1

CO2 is produced at the end of the reaction, 4 ATP is produced,

Question 2

What is the difference between cellular respiration and fermentation?

Answer 2

Oxygen and water is needed in cellular respiration, no water and oxygen is needed in fermentation

Question 3

What tool did Hans Krebs used to discover Kreb cycle?

Answer 3

Warburg nanometer

Question 4

Tool that is used to show how much oxygen is used up

Answer 4

Warburg Nanometer

Question 5

What are the inputs and outputs of glycolysis?

Answer 5

Input: glucose
Output: 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH, water

Question 6

What are the inputs and outputs of the citric acid cycle?

Answer 6

Inputs: 2 pyruvate, 2 acetylcoA
Outputs: 6 CO2, 2FADH2, 2 ATP, 8 NADH

Question 7

Starting point of fermentation and cellular respiration; eventually splits glucose into pyruvate

Answer 7

Glycolysis

Question 8

Completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules by oxidizing acetylcoA to carbon dioxide

Answer 8

Citric acid cycle

Question 9

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 9

Cytoplasm

Question 10

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

Answer 10

Matrix of mitochondria

Question 11

Production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain

Answer 11

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 12

A sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons down a series of redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP

Answer 12

ETC

Question 13

What makes up oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 13

ETC and chemiosmosis

Question 14

What are the stages of cellular respiration in order?

Answer 14

Glycolysis, Citric acid, ETC, oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

Why is the citric acid cycle considered a cycle?

Answer 15

acetyl coA is put in the cycle twice, making it a cycle

Question 16

Uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work such as the synthesis of ATP

Answer 16

Chemiosmosis

Question 17

Where are ATP synthases found?

Answer 17

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 18

How does ATP synthase work?

Answer 18

Hydrogen goes through the ATP synthase which allows ADP and phosphate to combine to form ATP; oxidation

Question 19

Checkpoint that allows or stops molecules from becoming 2 pyruvate

Answer 19

Phosphofructokinase

Question 20

What turns on phosphofructokinase?

Answer 20

AMP

Question 21

What shuts off phosphofructokinase?

Answer 21

citrate and ATP

Question 22

What are the electron carriers in cellular respiration?

Answer 22

NAD+

Question 23

What happens during glycolysis?

Answer 23

Glucose gets broken down into 2pyruvate

Question 24

How many carbons are present after glycolysis?

Answer 24

3

Question 25

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 25

Cytoplasm

Question 26

Formed from a two-carbon fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme

Answer 26

Acetyl coA

Question 27

Electron carrier that is weaker than NAD+/NADH

Answer 27

FADH2

Question 28

Where are the enzymes for ETC located?

Answer 28

Inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 29

Potential energy stored in the form of a proton electrochemical gradient, generated by pumping hydrogen ions across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis

Answer 29

Proton motive force

Question 30

What is the difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation?

Answer 30

Lactic acid is produced which ethyl alcohol is produced in alcohol fermentation

Question 31

When does fermentation occur?

Answer 31

After glycolysis

Question 32

What does fermentation produce?

Answer 32

2 ATP, NAD+

Question 33

How is ethanol created?

Answer 33

CO2 is released from pyruvate which is converted to acetaldehyde, acetaldehyde is reduced from NADH to form ethanol

Question 34

How is lactic acid created?

Answer 34

Pyruvate is reduced by NADH to form lactic acid

Question 35

Who uses lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 35

Animals and bacteria

Question 36

Who uses alcohol fermentation?

Answer 36

Yeast

Question 37

Enzyme that breaks down pyruvate to acetaldehyde then to ethanol

Answer 37

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 38

What is during the energy investment phase?

Answer 38

2 ATP

Question 39

What is during the energy payoff phase?

Answer 39

NADH, 4 ATP