Chapter 8

Question 1

Reproductive strategies of females

Answer 1

1. Large expensive gametes
2. Best mate
3. High potential investment

Question 2

Reproductive strategies of males

Answer 2

1. Small cheap gametes
2. The most mates
3. Low potential investment

Question 3

Reproductive strategies drive

Answer 3

Mate choice

Question 4

Mate choice

Answer 4

• reliant on parent investment

- the contributions each sex makes in producing and rearing offspring

Question 5

Mate choice drives 2 things

Answer 5

1. Sexual selection

2. Male- male competition

Question 6

Intrasexual selection

Answer 6

-competition between individuals of the same species

Question 7

Intersexual selection

Answer 7

-members of 1 sex choose mates from among the members of the opposite sex not he bass of some anatomical or behaivoral trait

Question 8

Sperm competition

Answer 8

• multiple male mates
• maximum sperm sucess
• large testes to produce lots of sperm that are large and fast swimming

Question 9

Monogamy characteristics

Answer 9

• one mate
• potential care from both
• often lack sexual dimorphism
• not choosing mates based on some secondary sex characteristics

Question 10

Social monogamy

Answer 10

Organism has one official mate but also meets with others

Question 11

Polygamy

Answer 11

-having multiple mates

Question 12

Polygany

Answer 12

• one male with multiple female mates
• little or no male parental care
• female is “choosy” sexual dimorphisms with male “flashy individuals”

Question 13

Polyandry

Answer 13

• one female with multiple male mates
• little or no female care
• male is “choosy”
• often females have sexual dimorphisms

Question 14

Promiscuity

Answer 14

Multiple mates for both sexes

-little or no parental care form either parent

Question 15

Evolution of socialite appears to be driven by:

Answer 15

• the need for group defense of quite quality territories

- The defense of mates and young or both

Question 16

Altruism

Answer 16

The preformance of an action that benefits another individual at a cost to the actor
Ex. Female lions take care of abandoned young of other lions

Question 17

Reciprocal altruism

Answer 17

-temporarily reduced its own fitness while increasing that of another with the expectation this favor will be returned int he future by another organism

Question 18

Kin selection selection qualities

Answer 18

1. Helping relatives
2. Increases family fitness
3. Often leads to social systems or eusociality

Question 19

Eusociality

Answer 19

Highly specialized SoCal systems that generally include:

1. Individuals with more than 1 generation living together
2. Cooperative care of young
3. Division of individuals into steril and non sterile reproductive individuals

Question 20

Group living examples

Answer 20

1. Bees
2. Leaf cutter ants
3. Vervet monkeys
4. Slimy sculpin

Question 21

Waggle dance

Answer 21

A type of figure 8 dance bees do in which the width of the figure 8 indicated distance from the hive and the angle of the waggle indicates the position of the food source relative to the angle of the sun

Question 22

Dolphin communication aspects

Answer 22

1. Brain to body language is second only to humans
   2.use body posture, touch and sound to communicate
2. Signature whistle: dolphin name
3. Burst pulsed sounds: fighting
4. Echolocation sounds:
   Ultrasonic sounds used to communicate and find food