Chapter 9

Question 1

2 major ways to study population:

Answer 1

1. Abundance

2. Density

Question 2

Abundance

Answer 2

Total number of individuals or biomass

Question 3

Density

Answer 3

Total number of individuals/ unit of area

Question 4

Distribution

Answer 4

Dispersion of the population( AKA: range)

Question 5

Invasive species

Answer 5

• an alien species whose introduction does or is like to cause economic or environmental harm to human health

Question 6

4 Ex’s of invasives and what they do

Answer 6

1. Sea lamprey
   - parasitic
   - suck of the insides of large fish
2. Zebra muscles
   - caused collaps of the native muscle population
   - contain lots of lead

3, round goby

• feeds of zebra muscles—> bioaccumilation of lead in round goby
• feeds on the eggs and juveniles of small mouth bass

4. Emerald ash borer
   - larvae attack the ash trees and kills the trees

Question 7

_____ limits the geographic distribution of species

Answer 7

• environment

Question 8

All species are limited based on

Answer 8

• tertiary defenses
• where food is
• abiotic factors
• law of toleration

Question 9

Law of toleration states

Answer 9

The presence and sucess of an organisms depend upon climate, topographyy and the biological requirements of those organisms

Question 10

Niche

Answer 10

• the total of all the ways an organism uses resources of its environment

Question 11

5 aspects of niche

Answer 11

1. Space utilization
2. Food consumption
3. Temperature range
4. Appropriate mating conditions
5. Interactions with other species

Question 12

Fundamental niche

Answer 12

• the entire niche space or niche breath a species can use without biotic interactions

Question 13

Realized niche

Answer 13

• the actual niche of a species who’s distribution is limited by biotic interactions

Question 14

3 types of distribution patterns

Answer 14

1. Clumped
2. Uniform
3. Random

Question 15

Clumped distribution

Answer 15

-most common type that is driven by uneven distribution of resources or social interactions that results in a clumped like pattern of individuals

Question 16

Uniform distribution

Answer 16

-individuals are evenly spaces on a landscape due to heavy competition of resources and behaivoral interactions like territoriality

Question 17

Random distribution

Answer 17

-a not very common pattern in which indivuals are distributed randomly over a landscape and this type of distribution is often limited to species of plants that are wind dispersed

Question 18

Relationship between animal density and body mass for plants and animals

Answer 18

As body mass increases density decreases

Question 19

Commonness vs rarity is based on 3 factors which include:

Answer 19

1. Geographic range of an organism(extensive vs. restricted)
2. Habitat tolerance(broad vs. narrow)
3. Local population size ( large vs. small)

Question 20

Commoness traits

Answer 20

1. Extensive geographic location
2. Broad habitat tolerance
3. Large local populations
   Ex: house sparrow

Question 21

Rarity traits

Answer 21

1. Restricted habitat range
2. Narrow habitat tolerance
3. Small local populations
   Ex. Mountain gorilla

Question 22

Why is face cancer so prevelant in tazmanian devils?

Answer 22

-tazmanian devils suffer form low genetic diversity— > face cancer spreading like wildfire becuse none of the devils are evolved enough to be resistant against it and there is a general lack of immune response to the disease