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A&P Nursing > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

progressive disease with degeneration of nerve endings in the cortex of the brain

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2
Q

anticonvulsant

A

theraputic agent that stops or prevents convulsions

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3
Q

aracnoid (mater)

A

weblike middle membrane of meninges

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4
Q

associative neuron

A

carries messages from sensory neuron to motor neuron

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5
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

collection of nerves, ganglia, and plexuses through which visceral organs, heart, blood vessels, glands, and smooth (involuntary) muscles receive stimulation

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6
Q

axons

A

nerve cell structure which carries impulses away from cell body to dendrites

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7
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

substance cannot penetrate the brain tissue

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8
Q

brain stem

A

made up of three parts: the midbrain, pons, and the medulla.

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9
Q

brain tumor

A

may develop in any part of the brain. Symptoms depend on which area is involved.

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10
Q

central nervous system

A

consists of the brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

cerebellum

A

located behind the pons and below the cerebrum. Has two hemispheres.

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12
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

a narrow canal that connects the third and fourth ventricles

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13
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the outer cortex “grey matter”

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14
Q

cerebral palsy

A

a disturbance in voluntary muscle action due to brain damage

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15
Q

cerebral ventricals

A

the four lined cavaties of the brain which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid

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16
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

a substance that forms inside the four brain ventricles from the blood vessels of the choroid plexuses

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17
Q

cerebrum

A

the largest part of the brain

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18
Q

choroid plexus

A

a rich network of blood vessels of the pia mater

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19
Q

corpus callosum

A

the middle region of the two hemispheres is held together by a wide band of axonal fibers called…

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20
Q

dementia

A

a general term that includes disorders such as Alzeimer’s disease, vascular dementia, others

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21
Q

dendrites

A

carry messages to the the cell body

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22
Q

diencephalon

A

located between the cerebrum and the midbrain

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23
Q

dura mater

A

the outer brain covering, which lines the inside of the skull

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24
Q

encephalitis

A

an inflammation of the brain

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25
Q

epilepsy

A

a seizure disorder of the brain, characterized by recurring and excessive discharge from neurons

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26
Q

essential tremor

A

a nerve disorder causing tremors to occur in a person who is moving or trying to move

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27
Q

fibers

A

processes; paths along which nerve impulses travel

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28
Q

fissures

A

deep furrows or grooves

29
Q

fourth ventricle

A

situated below the third, in front of the cerebellum, and behind the pons and the medulla oblongata

30
Q

frontal lobe

A

forms the anterior portion of each hemisphere. controls voluntary muscle movement

31
Q

gyri (convolutions)

A

the elevated ridges between the sulci

32
Q

hematoma

A

a localized mass of blood collection and may occur in the spaces between the meninges

33
Q

hydrocephalus

A

a condition that involves an increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricals of the brain

34
Q

hypothalamus

A

lies below the thalamus. connected to the posterior pituitary gland, the thalamus and the midbrain by a bundle of nerves; part of the limbic system

35
Q

interneuron

A

associative neurons; carry impulses from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron

36
Q

interventricular foramen

A

the area that connectsthe third ventricle of the brain to the two lateral ventricles

37
Q

lateral ventricle

A

the two largest ventricles located within the cerebral hemispheres

38
Q

limbic lobe

A

located in the center of the brain beneath the other four cerebral lobes, influences unconcious instinctive behavior

39
Q

lumbar puncture

A

removal of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes by insertion of a needle between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae

40
Q

medulla oblongata

A

part of the brainstem, contains the nuclei for vital functions

41
Q

membrane excitability

A

ability of nerves to carry impulses by creating electric charges

42
Q

memory

A

process by which we store information we have learned

43
Q

meninges

A

any of the three linings enclosing the brain and the spinal cord

44
Q

menigitis

A

inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord

45
Q

motor neuron (efferent)

A

carries messages from brain to spinal cord to muscles and glands

46
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

chronic inflammatory disease in which the immune cells attack the myelin sheath of a nerve

47
Q

myelin sheath (neurilemma)

A

layers of cell membrane that wrap nerve fibers, providing electrical insulation and increasing the velocity of impulse transmission

48
Q

neuroglia

A

network of cells that insulate, support, and protect the nerves of the central nervous system

49
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell, including its processes

50
Q

nystagmus

A

rapid involuntary movement of the eyeball

51
Q

occipital lobe

A

part of the cerebrum that housesthe visual area

52
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of the lower extremities caused by severe injury to the spinal cord in the thoracic or lumbar region, resulting in the loss of sensory or motor control below the area of injury

53
Q

parietal lobe

A

division of the cerebrum lies beneath the parietal bone

54
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

marked by tremors may be due to decrease of neurotransmitter dopamine

55
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

made up of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

56
Q

pia mater

A

innermost vascular covering of brain and spinal cord

57
Q

poliomyelitis

A

disease of nerve pathways of the spinal cord, rarely seen because of polio vaccines

58
Q

pons

A

part of the brainstem

59
Q

quadriplegia

A

follows severe trauma to the spinal cord below the C1-C4 vertebrae in which there is loss of movement of all four extremities with the accompanying loss of bowl, bladder, and sexual function

60
Q

sensory neuron (afferent)

A

emerge from the skin or sense organs and carry messages or impulse toward the spinal cord and brain

61
Q

spastic quadriplegia

A

spastic paralysis of all four limbs

62
Q

spinal cord

A

part of the central nervous system within the spinal column

63
Q

sulci

A

fissures or grooves separating cerebral convolutions

64
Q

synapse

A

space between adjacent neurons through which an impulse is transmitted

65
Q

synaptic cleft

A

space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another

66
Q

temporal lobe

A

part of the cerebral hemisphere associated with the perception and interpretation of sound

67
Q

thalamus

A

part of the diencephalon, relays sensory stimuli to the cerebral cortex

68
Q

third ventricle

A

a cavity within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid behind and below the lateral ventricle

69
Q

West Nile VIrus

A

a misquito born virus

A&P Nursing (3 decks)

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