Chapter 8

Question 1

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 1

progressive disease with degeneration of nerve endings in the cortex of the brain

Question 2

anticonvulsant

Answer 2

theraputic agent that stops or prevents convulsions

Question 3

aracnoid (mater)

Answer 3

weblike middle membrane of meninges

Question 4

associative neuron

Answer 4

carries messages from sensory neuron to motor neuron

Question 5

autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

collection of nerves, ganglia, and plexuses through which visceral organs, heart, blood vessels, glands, and smooth (involuntary) muscles receive stimulation

Question 6

axons

Answer 6

nerve cell structure which carries impulses away from cell body to dendrites

Question 7

blood-brain barrier

Answer 7

substance cannot penetrate the brain tissue

Question 8

brain stem

Answer 8

made up of three parts: the midbrain, pons, and the medulla.

Question 9

brain tumor

Answer 9

may develop in any part of the brain. Symptoms depend on which area is involved.

Question 10

central nervous system

Answer 10

consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 11

cerebellum

Answer 11

located behind the pons and below the cerebrum. Has two hemispheres.

Question 12

cerebral aqueduct

Answer 12

a narrow canal that connects the third and fourth ventricles

Question 13

cerebral cortex

Answer 13

the outer cortex “grey matter”

Question 14

cerebral palsy

Answer 14

a disturbance in voluntary muscle action due to brain damage

Question 15

cerebral ventricals

Answer 15

the four lined cavaties of the brain which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 16

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 16

a substance that forms inside the four brain ventricles from the blood vessels of the choroid plexuses

Question 17

cerebrum

Answer 17

the largest part of the brain

Question 18

choroid plexus

Answer 18

a rich network of blood vessels of the pia mater

Question 19

corpus callosum

Answer 19

the middle region of the two hemispheres is held together by a wide band of axonal fibers called…

Question 20

dementia

Answer 20

a general term that includes disorders such as Alzeimer’s disease, vascular dementia, others

Question 21

dendrites

Answer 21

carry messages to the the cell body

Question 22

diencephalon

Answer 22

located between the cerebrum and the midbrain

Question 23

dura mater

Answer 23

the outer brain covering, which lines the inside of the skull

Question 24

encephalitis

Answer 24

an inflammation of the brain

Question 25

epilepsy

Answer 25

a seizure disorder of the brain, characterized by recurring and excessive discharge from neurons

Question 26

essential tremor

Answer 26

a nerve disorder causing tremors to occur in a person who is moving or trying to move

Question 27

fibers

Answer 27

processes; paths along which nerve impulses travel

Question 28

fissures

Answer 28

deep furrows or grooves

Question 29

fourth ventricle

Answer 29

situated below the third, in front of the cerebellum, and behind the pons and the medulla oblongata

Question 30

frontal lobe

Answer 30

forms the anterior portion of each hemisphere. controls voluntary muscle movement

Question 31

gyri (convolutions)

Answer 31

the elevated ridges between the sulci

Question 32

hematoma

Answer 32

a localized mass of blood collection and may occur in the spaces between the meninges

Question 33

hydrocephalus

Answer 33

a condition that involves an increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricals of the brain

Question 34

hypothalamus

Answer 34

lies below the thalamus. connected to the posterior pituitary gland, the thalamus and the midbrain by a bundle of nerves; part of the limbic system

Question 35

interneuron

Answer 35

associative neurons; carry impulses from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron

Question 36

interventricular foramen

Answer 36

the area that connectsthe third ventricle of the brain to the two lateral ventricles

Question 37

lateral ventricle

Answer 37

the two largest ventricles located within the cerebral hemispheres

Question 38

limbic lobe

Answer 38

located in the center of the brain beneath the other four cerebral lobes, influences unconcious instinctive behavior

Question 39

lumbar puncture

Answer 39

removal of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purposes by insertion of a needle between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae

Question 40

medulla oblongata

Answer 40

part of the brainstem, contains the nuclei for vital functions

Question 41

membrane excitability

Answer 41

ability of nerves to carry impulses by creating electric charges

Question 42

memory

Answer 42

process by which we store information we have learned

Question 43

meninges

Answer 43

any of the three linings enclosing the brain and the spinal cord

Question 44

menigitis

Answer 44

inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord

Question 45

motor neuron (efferent)

Answer 45

carries messages from brain to spinal cord to muscles and glands

Question 46

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 46

chronic inflammatory disease in which the immune cells attack the myelin sheath of a nerve

Question 47

myelin sheath (neurilemma)

Answer 47

layers of cell membrane that wrap nerve fibers, providing electrical insulation and increasing the velocity of impulse transmission

Question 48

neuroglia

Answer 48

network of cells that insulate, support, and protect the nerves of the central nervous system

Question 49

neuron

Answer 49

nerve cell, including its processes

Question 50

nystagmus

Answer 50

rapid involuntary movement of the eyeball

Question 51

occipital lobe

Answer 51

part of the cerebrum that housesthe visual area

Question 52

paraplegia

Answer 52

paralysis of the lower extremities caused by severe injury to the spinal cord in the thoracic or lumbar region, resulting in the loss of sensory or motor control below the area of injury

Question 53

parietal lobe

Answer 53

division of the cerebrum lies beneath the parietal bone

Question 54

Parkinson's Disease

Answer 54

marked by tremors may be due to decrease of neurotransmitter dopamine

Question 55

peripheral nervous system

Answer 55

made up of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 56

pia mater

Answer 56

innermost vascular covering of brain and spinal cord

Question 57

poliomyelitis

Answer 57

disease of nerve pathways of the spinal cord, rarely seen because of polio vaccines

Question 58

pons

Answer 58

part of the brainstem

Question 59

quadriplegia

Answer 59

follows severe trauma to the spinal cord below the C1-C4 vertebrae in which there is loss of movement of all four extremities with the accompanying loss of bowl, bladder, and sexual function

Question 60

sensory neuron (afferent)

Answer 60

emerge from the skin or sense organs and carry messages or impulse toward the spinal cord and brain

Question 61

spastic quadriplegia

Answer 61

spastic paralysis of all four limbs

Question 62

spinal cord

Answer 62

part of the central nervous system within the spinal column

Question 63

sulci

Answer 63

fissures or grooves separating cerebral convolutions

Question 64

synapse

Answer 64

space between adjacent neurons through which an impulse is transmitted

Question 65

synaptic cleft

Answer 65

space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another

Question 66

temporal lobe

Answer 66

part of the cerebral hemisphere associated with the perception and interpretation of sound

Question 67

thalamus

Answer 67

part of the diencephalon, relays sensory stimuli to the cerebral cortex

Question 68

third ventricle

Answer 68

a cavity within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid behind and below the lateral ventricle

Question 69

West Nile VIrus

Answer 69

a misquito born virus