Chapter 8:

Question 1

Experience

Answer 1

Essential feature of all emotion

Question 2

Emotion

Answer 2

Positive or generative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity

Question 3

Two Dimensions of emotion

Answer 3

Arousal and valence

Question 4

Valence

Answer 4

How “pleasant” (pleasure) or “adverse” (angry) an experience is

Question 5

Arousal

Answer 5

How “exciting” or “drowsy” an experience is

Question 6

James-Lange Theory

Answer 6

Stimuli trigger activity in the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) which in turn produces an emotional experience in the brain

Question 7

Cannon-Bard Theory

Answer 7

Stimulus simultaneously triggers activity in the ANS and emotional experience in the brain

Question 8

Two-factor theory

Answer 8

Emotions are inferences about the causes of physiological arousal

Question 9

Criticism of two-factor theory?

Answer 9

There is only one bodily reaction to ALL emotional stimuli…

Question 10

The amygdala

Answer 10

Appraises/evaluates the situation

Question 11

Fast pathway of fear to the brain

Answer 11

Thalamus to amygdala

Question 12

Slow acting fear pathway

Answer 12

Thalamus to cortex to amygdala

Question 13

Emotional regulation

Answer 13

Use of cognitive and behavioral strategies to influence one’s emotional experience

Question 14

Reappraisal

Answer 14

Changing of one’s emotional experience by changing the meaning of the emotion-eliciting stimulus

Question 15

5 universal emotions

Answer 15

Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness

Question 16

Facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 16

Theory that emotional expressions can cause the emotional experiences they signify

Question 17

Motivation

Answer 17

Purpose for physiological cause for an action

Question 18

Experienced emotion

Answer 18

Thing you actually feel

Question 19

Expressed emotion

Answer 19

Emotion that you express

Question 20

Hedonic principle

Answer 20

Notion that all people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain

Question 21

Drive

Answer 21

Internal state generated by departures from physiological optimality

Question 22

Instincts

Answer 22

The faculty of acting in such a wat as to produce

Question 23

Drive reduction theory

Answer 23

A theory that suggest that organisms are motivated to reduce their drives

Question 24

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 24

Motivation to take actions that are themselves rewarding

Question 25

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 25

Motivation to take actions that LEAD to a reward

Question 26

Approach motivation

Answer 26

Motivation to experience positive outcomes

Question 27

Avoidance motivation

Answer 27

Motivation to not experience negative outcomes

Question 28

Loss aversion

Answer 28

The tendency to care more about avoiding losses than about achieving equal-sized gains