Chapter 8: Assessments Flashcards
What should assessments evaluate?
Health
Fitness
Performance
What are the most common injury risks for clients?
Poor technique, overuse, lack of functional strength, and poor movement patterns
What is heart rate variability training?
Measures the distinct time between heartbeats known as interbeat intervals
HRV is easily affected by stress
What’s an average healthy HRV?
Ages 20-25: 55 and 105 milliseconds
Over 65: 25 and 45 milliseconds
What’s included in basic fitness assessments?
Flexibility
Posture
Mobility
General strength
What is posture?
the position of an individual’s body in space
What’s the difference between static and dynamic posture?
Static posture is maintaining the same position for a length of time without moving, while dynamic posture is during a task or range of motion
What’s the preferred nomenclature for posture?
Ideal or not ideal
What is ideal posture?
A condition of muscular control contributing to an individual’s well-being, proper movement patterns, reduced injury risk, minimal pain, and optimal performance
What are muscle imbalances?
When muscles surrounding a joint are abnormally weakened or overactive and thus limit the joint’s movement
Explain the 4 main back dysfunctions
Lordosis: increased inward curving of the lower spine
Kyphosis: excessive forward rounding of the back
Flat back: reduction of the normal curve in the lower spine
Scoliosis: sideways curvature of the spine
What is postural control?
An individual’s ability to maintain control over their posture and maintain this equilibrium
What is neutral alignment?
A position directly between the extremes of motion at a joint; equilibrium of body posture
What is adaptive shortening?
Muscle fiber shortening from overuse or extended time in a shortened length or from repetitious movement
What is stretch weakness?
When a muscle is lengthened beyond its physiological neutral but still within its normal range of motion
What is upper crossed syndrome (UCS):?
A combination of overactive and under-active muscles in the shoulder, chest, and neck regions
Typically consists of rounded shoulders, curvature in the neck and upper back, and forward head (in front of the body)
What is lower crossed syndrome (LCS)?
A combination of overactive and underactive muscles in the lower back, abdominals, and hips
Typically consists of a forward pelvic tilt and excessive arching of the lower back
What are the dynamic posture assessments?
Gait assessment
Standard squat assessment
Overhead squat assessment
Lunge assessment
What is a corrective exercise?
Exercises geared toward injury prevention and optimal movement patterns focusing on reducing muscle adhesions (knots), strengthening weak musculature, stretching overactive muscles, and improving functional movement
What is the goal of a cardiorespiratory assessment?
To determine an individual’s VO2 max
What are two effective ways a trainer may test a client’s VO2 max?
Rockport walk test and the Cooper run test
Why is the three-minute step test a less effective option?
it has a lower percentage of participant completion
What is agility?
The ability to move quickly and easily
What is strength?
the ability to exert muscular force under a given condition
