Chapter 8 Astonomy

Question 1

A nebula

Answer 1

Is a vast cloud of gas and dust that may be the bit to place of stars and planets.

Question 2

Neutron star

Answer 2

Is a star so dense that only neutrons exist can at its core

Question 3

Nuclear fusion

Answer 3

Is the processor of energy production in which hydrogen nuclei combine to from helium nuclei. This is a nuclear reaction.

Question 4

Protostar

Answer 4

Is a dense, hot, condensed object at the center of a nebula.

Question 5

Luminosity

Answer 5

Is a start total energy output per second; its power in joules per second, (J/s).

Question 6

The solar nebula theory (1)

Answer 6

The theory describes how stars and planets form by contractions of spinning disks of gas and dust. Planet and stars form together.

Question 7

Solar wind

Answer 7

Is a stream of fast-moving charged particles ejected by the sun into the solar system.

Question 8

Star

Answer 8

A star is a celestial body made of hot gases, mainly hydrogen and helium.

Question 9

White dwarf

Answer 9

Is a small, dim, hot star.

Question 10

Supernova

Answer 10

Is a massive explosion in which the entire outer portion of a star is blown off.

Question 11

Black hole formation

Answer 11

Black holes are formed if the helium core of a star survives its death.

Question 12

Necessary components for nuclear fusion to begin

Answer 12

• really hot
• core gets denser
• lots of pressure
• compression

Question 13

Who was one of the first to turn the telescope to the sky.

Answer 13

Galileo

Question 14

What are optical telescopes?

Answer 14

And optical telescope detects visible light

Question 15

Refracting telescope

Answer 15

A telescope that uses a lens to collect the light form an object.

Question 16

Reflecting telescope

Answer 16

A telescope that uses mirrors to collect the light form an object.

Question 17

Satellites uses

Answer 17

• weather
• internet
• radio
• GPS
• land surfaces
• oceans and rivers

Question 18

Geosynchronous satellites

Answer 18

Are satellites that take 24 hours to orbit the earth and since the earth is turning in the same direction the satellite is turning it appears to always be on the same spot.

Question 19

Beginning of protostar

Answer 19

Gravity can set the gas and dust particles into a spinning mottling around the core

Question 20

Solar nebula theory (2)

Answer 20

The nebula (protostar) begins to contract and little lumps start forming bigger lumps called planetesimals.

Question 21

Our sun: the structure

Answer 21

• The core
• The photosphere
• The Corona

Question 22

Our sun: features

Answer 22

• Sunspots
• Solar flares
• Solar prominence

Question 23

Chromosphere

Answer 23

The inner atmosphere of the sun

Question 24

The core

Answer 24

• where nuclear fusion happens
• temperatures from 15 million degrees (C)
• a lot of pressure

Question 25

Corona

Answer 25

- the hot outer part of the sun - temperature: 1 million degrees

Question 26

Moving gases

Answer 26

Where temperature and pressure increase

Question 27

The photosphere

Answer 27

- called the surface of the sun (not solid) - churning gases - temperature: 5500 degrees - where cooler sunspots occur

Question 28

Solar flares

Answer 28

- they travel extremely fast & last only a few minutes - travel from the chromosphere & through the corona

Question 29

Solar prominence

Answer 29

- can last for days or weeks & go up to 400 000 km high - large sheets of glowing gases going outward form the chromosphere

Question 30

Sun spots

Answer 30

Huge darker & cooler areas in the suns photosphere

Question 31

Evidence of rotating sun

Answer 31

- it take 27 days for 1 rotation - 35 days for the sun spots to do 1 full rotation - it does not rotate as a solid body

Question 32

The importance of the sun

Answer 32

- heat / warmth - basis of photosynthesis - light - needed for all life on earth

Question 33

What radiation does the sun emit

Answer 33

- Microwaves - Gamma rays - X rays - Radio waves - Light waves

Question 34

20%

Answer 34

Of solar radiation is absorbed by earths atmosphere

Question 35

30%

Answer 35

Of solar radiation is reflected by earths atmosphere ( clouds, surface and oceans )

Question 36

50%

Answer 36

Of solar radiation is absorbed but the earths surface and oceans

Question 37

Hertzsprung-Russel diagram

Answer 37

Shows the properties of stars, star color, temperatures and luminosity.

Question 38

90%

Answer 38

Of stars are in the main sequence

Question 39

10%

Answer 39

Of know stars are not in the main sequence

Question 40

Low mass stars

Answer 40

- generally red dwarfs - have less mass then our sun - consumes its helium very slowly - life span is 100 billion years - will turn into faint white dwarf - maybe come black dwarf

Question 41

Intermediate mass stars

Answer 41

- our sun! - life span is 10 billion years - when all the hydrogen is used up core will collapse - temp will rise and the sun will expand, fitting to mars ring orbit - eventually will become a small hot dim white dwarf

Question 42

High mass stars

Answer 42

- 12 or more solar masses than our sun - die faster and more violently - a supernova will occur - will become red giant, then cool - helium core maybe become black hole or neutron star

Question 43

Neutron stars

Answer 43

- so much pressure only neutrons can exist - strong magnetic field - rotate very fast - incredible hot

Question 44

Black holes

Answer 44

- tiny patch of space - massive amount of mass and gravity - nothing can escape it

Question 45

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 45

Radiation consisting of electromagnetic waves that travel at the speed of light

Question 46

Absolute magnitude

Answer 46

The magnitude of a star they would observe if placed 32.6 lift years from earth

Question 47

Spectroscope

Answer 47

An optical instrument they produced a spectrum form a narrow beam of light and projects it onto a photographic plate or digital detector

Question 48

Spectral lines

Answer 48

Specific wave lengths within a spectrum if characterized lines

Question 49

The main sequence

Answer 49

A narrow band of star in the H-R diagram